Fosetyl-aluminium (Ref: RP 32545)

Fosetyl-aluminium (Ref: RP 32545)	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Also known as: fosetyl; efosite-Al; EPAL; aluminium phosethyl; LS 74783 ; fosetyl-Al)

SUMMARY

Fosetyl aluminium is a horticultural fungicide. It has a high aqueous solubility and a low volatility. It is not usually persistent in soil systems but may, under certain conditions, persist in water. It has a low mammalian toxicity and is not associated with any serious medical conditions but may be an eye irritant. It has a low to moderate toxicity to most terrestrial and aqueous species.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Drainflow: Very mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide for various horticultural crops used to control a range of plant pathogens.

Example pests controlled

Phytophthora and Pythium root and crown rots, Pseudomonas apple blister spot, Alternaria

Example applications

Fruit including grapes, apples, pears, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry; Ginseng; Lettuce; Onion; Broccoli; Tobacco; Turf; Ornamentals

Efficacy & activity

The substance has been extensively evaluated in field trials across a wide range of EU Member States which have confirmed its effectiveness.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1977, first reported & first registered France

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/04/2029

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Estonia

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/03/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway
	✓

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, USA, Iran, Egypt, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Fosetyl is a chiral molecule

Chemical formula

C₆H₁₈AlO₉P₃

Canonical SMILES

CCOP(=O)=O.CCOP(=O)=O.CCOP(=O)=O.[Al+3]

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ZKZMJOFIHHZSRW-UHFFFAOYSA-K

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/3C2H7O3P.Al/c3*1-2-5-6(3)4;/h3*6H,2H2,1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;;+3/p-3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide, Other substance

Other bioactivity & uses

Bactericide

Substance groups

Organophosphate fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

960 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic, absorbed through leaves and roots. Inhibits spore germination by blocking development of mycelium, competing with phosphate as allosteric regulator of several enzymes.

CAS RN

39148-24-8

EC number

254-320-2

CIPAC number

384.013

US EPA chemical code

123301

PubChem CID

6328269

CLP index number

006-095-00-5

Molecular mass

354.10

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

aluminium tris(ethyl phosphonate)

CAS name

aluminium tris-O-ethylphosphonate

Other status information

Potential groundwater contaminant

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

P07

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White powder

Related substances & organisms

fosetyl

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Certis
Standon
FCC
King Tech Corp
Bayer CropScience

Example products using this active

Aliette 80 WG
Fullstop
Pilarfarm
Chipco aliette WDG
Tutor

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as wettable granules or a wettable powder that are mixed with water and applied as a foliar spray or used as a seed treatment

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

111300

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

n-Heptane

Acetone

Xylene

807

Methanol

Melting point (°C)

215

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

277

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

7.94 X 10^-03

Calculated

Log P

-2.1

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data based on LogP

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.53

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

4.7

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.00 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.20 X 10^-10

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No UV absorption from 190-800nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

75.1

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.018

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.018

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

0.04

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.11

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2017 dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.005-0.04 days, DT₉₀ range 0.03-0.2, Soils = 6; Other sources: DT₅₀ 1.0 days (DW4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

3.0

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1.22

Moderately fast

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Very mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

0.1

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

Low absorption

pH sensitivity

None

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-6.99

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.89 X 10^-04

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Very mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

2.22

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

ethanol

Major fraction

0.780

Bayer verified

phosphonic acid

Major fraction

1.00

phosphorus acid

Minor fraction

fosetyl

Major fraction

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Phosphorous acid
Note: Rat oral LD50 3624 mg/kg bw

H3PO3

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 1424

Rat

Moderate

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

1958

Rat (male) Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 8000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 20000 mg kg feed⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Colinus virginianus NOEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

316

Eisenia foetida

Low

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 20 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

> 80

6 plant species
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

> 7

Oilseed rape
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 108.5

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LDD₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

> 37.3

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 250

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 48 hr

> 8400

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

8400

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 60

Lepomis carpio

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

79.7

Lemna gibba

Low

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

5.9

Scenedesmus acutus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.11

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.0

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.0

Rabbit SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

5.0

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Negligible risk to bystanders

Occupational

Negligible risk of operator and other worker exposure but occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact. PPE/PPC recommended

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Amendments to GB authorisations from June 2023.

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=8940 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea if ingested
May cause cough, tachypnea and wheezing if inhaled

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H318

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN2783

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

fosetyl-aluminium

French

forsetyl-al

German

Fosetyl-Al

Danish

fosetyl-al

Italian

fosetil-alluminio

Spanish

fosetil-Al

Greek

Polish

fosetyl glinowy

Swedish

fosetylaluminium

Hungarian

fosetil-al

Dutch

fosetyl-aluminium

Norwegian

fosetyl aluminium

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242