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penconazole (Ref: CGA 71818)
** Translations

Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home

GENERAL INFORMATION Click here for an explantaion of the general chemical status information
for penconazole

Description: A fungicide used to control fungal pathogens, particularly Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes

Example pests controlled: Powdery mildew; Scab; Ring spot; Rusts

Example applications: Vines; Fruit including apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, strawberries; Ornamentals; Hops; Vegetables; Cucumbers; Tomatoes

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1983

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur Norway
Date inclusion expires 31/12/2021
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) No
Listed in EU database Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries: Click to access a note on the approvals information on this site

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia

Chemical structure: Click here for further information on the general chemical status information used on this site

Isomerism A chiral molecule. The technical material is a racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole.
Chemical formula C13H15Cl2N3
Canonical SMILES CCCC(CN1C=NC=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl
Isomeric SMILES No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) InChI=1S/C13H15Cl2N3/c1-2-3-10(7-18-9-16-8-17-18)12-5-4-11(14)6-13(12)15/h4-6,8-10H,2-3,7H2,1H3
2D structure diagram/image available? Yes

Click to access the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) website
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:

Common Name Relationship Link
Penconazole - Click here for the CCDC structure diagram

General status: Click here for further information on the general chemical status information used on this site

Pesticide type Fungicide
Substance group Triazole
Minimum active substance purity -
Known relevant impurities EU dossier - None declared
Substance origin Synthetic
Mode of action Systemic with curative and protective action, acts by interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis
CAS RN 66246-88-6
EC number 266-275-6
CIPAC number 446
US EPA chemical code 128999
PubChem CID 91693
Molecular mass (g mol-1) 284.18
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) -
IUPAC name (RS)-1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole
CAS name 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole
Other status information PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards -
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) 3
Examples of recorded resistance -
Physical state White powder
Related substances & organisms

Formulations:

Property Click here for information on the general product and branding information used on this site Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
  • Agrovista
  • Syngenta
  • Globalchem
Example products using this active
  • Topas
  • Topenco 100EC
UK LERAP status None
Formulation and application details Often supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate that is mixed with water and used as a spray.


ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for penconazole

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe environmental fate on this site Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with fate data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret environmental fate data
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) 73 A5 Moderate
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) 500000 A5 - Acetone -
24000 A5 - n-Hexane -
500000 A5 - Toluene -
500000 A5 - Dichloromethane -
Melting point (oC) 60.3 A5 -
Boiling point (oC) - - -
Degradation point (oC) - - -
Flashpoint (oC) Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable A5 -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC P 5.25 X 1003 Calculated -
Log P 3.72 A5 High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity 1.3 L3 -
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC 1.51 A5 -
Note: Very weak base; 2013 Peer reviewed literature gives pKa=5.2 [R4].
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) 0.366 A5 Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) 6.60 X 10-04 A5 Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index Click here for a note on the limitations of the GUS index 1.36 Calculated Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate Click here for a note on the limitations of the SCI-GROW index Value 3.38 X 10-02 Calculated -
Note -
Potential for particle bound transport index Click here for a note on the limitations of the potential for particle bound transport index - Calculated High
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 Neutral solution: 220nm = 10564, 273nm = 437, 281nm = 401; [Acidic solution: 220nm = 10741, 273nm = 410, 281nm = 376; [Basic solution: 224nm = 9607, 273nm = 453, 281nm = 417; [No absorption maximum above 290nm A5 -
Surface tension (mN m-1) 59.7-62.8 A5 at 20oC, 0.1 g l-1 suspension -

Degradation:

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance degradation Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with degradation data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance degradation data
General biodegradability -
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) DT50 (typical) 117 A5 Persistent
DT50 (lab at 20oC) 117 A5 Persistent
DT50 (field) 90 A5 Moderately persistent
DT90 (lab at 20oC) - - -
DT90 (field) - - -
DT50 modelling endpoint - - -
Note EU dossier lab studies DT50range 55.3-207 days, field studies DT50 range 22-115 days
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix Value 65.6 R3 -
Note Tomato fruit, n=1
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix Value 6.6 R4 -
Note Published literature RL50 range 2.5-14.0 days, 7 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=12
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 Value 4 K2 Moderately fast
Note -
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 Value Stable A5 -
Note Stable pH 4 to pH 9 at 25 and 50 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days) 853 A4 Stable
Water phase only DT50 (days) 2 A5 Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance adsorption and mobility Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with adsorption and mobility data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance adsorption and mobility
Linear Kd - - -
Koc -
Notes and range -
Freundlich Kf 27.9 A5 Slightly mobile
Kfoc 2205
1/n 0.816
Notes and range EU dossier kf range 7.2-69.8 mL/g, kfoc range 786-4120 mL/g, 1/n range 0.75-0.89, Soils=8
pH sensitivity No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite Formation medium Estimated maximum occurrence fraction 1107/2009 relevancy Click here for further information on 1107/2009 relevancy
1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019) This metabolite may cause environmental pollution, click here for further information Soil   0.386   Major fraction, Relevant
2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-3-(1,2,4)triazol-1-yl-propionic acid (Ref: CGA 179944) This metabolite may cause environmental pollution, click here for further information Soil   0.189   Major fraction, Relevant
1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856) Soil   0.05   Minor fraction, Not relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference Aliases Formation medium / Rate Estimated maximum occurrence fraction Metabolising enzymes
4-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-1-ol
(Ref: CGA 127841) 		- Plant; Rat - -
4-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-2-ol
(Ref: CGA 132465) 		- Plant; Rat (Urinary) - -
2-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-3-ol
(Ref: CGA 190503) 		- Plant; Rat - -
2-hydroxy-3-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-propionic acid
(Ref: CGA 205369) 		- Rat - -


ECOTOXICOLOGY
for penconazole

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance ecotoxicology Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with ecotoxicology data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret substance ecotoxicology
Bio-concentration factor BCF (l kg-1) 320 A5 Threshold for concern
CT50 (days) 3 -
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) > 2000 A5 Rat Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL (mg kg-1) 3.8 L2 Rat, 2 year High
(ppm diet) - -
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) > 1590 A5 Anas platyrhynchos Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) > 1845 mg kg bw-1 day-1 A5 Anas platyrhynchos -
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) 1.13 A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) 0.36 A5 Pimephales promelas Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) 6.75 A5 Daphnia magna Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) 0.06 A5 Daphnia magna Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) - - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) - - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) 2.0 A5 Chironomus riparius Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) 25.2 A5 Chironomus riparius Moderate
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) 0.19 A5 Lemna gibba Moderate
Non-target plants - - -
- - -
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) 4.9 A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, growth Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) - - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.) Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) > 30 A4 Moderate
Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) > 112 A4 Low
Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) - - -
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) - - -
-
Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) - - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.) Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) - - -
Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) - - -
Other pollinators (1) Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) - - -
Mode of exposure -
Other pollinators (2) Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) - - -
Mode of exposure -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) > 331.5 A5 Eisenia foetida, corr Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) - - -
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect - - -
Other arthropod (1) LR50 g ha-1 - - -
% Effect 59 Mortality
Dose: 100g ha-1
A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi 		-
Other arthropod (2) LR50 g ha-1 - - -
% Effect 79 Mortality
Dose: 100g ha-1
A5 Typhlodromus pyri 		-
Soil micro-organisms Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect 		A5
Dose; 240 mg ha-1, 28days 		-
Mesocosm study data NOEAEC mg l-1 - - -
NOEAEC mg l-1 - - -


HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for penconazole

General:

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe human health and protection issues Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with human health and protection data Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret human health and protection data
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) Click here for a note on the limitations of the Cramer class High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) > 2000 A5 Rat Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) > 3000 A5 Rat -
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) > 4.05 A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only, dust) -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.03 A5 Dog, SF=100 -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.5 A5 Rabbit, SF=100 -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) - - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) 0.03 A5 Dog, SF=100 -
Dermal penetration studies (%) 1.0-5.0 A5 concentration dependent -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 - - -
Exposure Routes Public No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified
Occupational No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified for intended uses
European MRLs Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards - - -
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) 0.1 EU Directive 98/778/EEC; A5 -

Health issues:

Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disrupter Reproduction / development effects Cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant

A3; B3; C3; D0; E0

Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser Eye irritant Phototoxicant

-

-

-

General human health issues Potential liver toxicant
Endocrine issues - Weak estrogenic effect
Key: Genotoxicity
A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
C: Gene mutation (EFSA database)
D: Genome mutation (EFSA database)
E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
0: No data
1: Positive
2: Mixed/ambiguous results
3: Negative		 Key: Other
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property Click here for information on the parameters used to describe substance handling issues Value Source/Quality Score/Other Information Click here for information on the primary data sources used to populate this database with data on handling issues Interpretation Click here for information on the way in which we interpret data on handling issues
General Click here for a description of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) codes Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Code is usually 3
CLP classification 2013 Health: H302, H361d
Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification Click here to view information omn the EU risk phrases Reproduction risk category 3: R63
Xn - Harmful: R22
N - Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53
EC Safety Classification Click here to view information omn the EU safety phrases S2, S13, S20/21, S61
WHO Classification III - Slightly hazardous
UN Number Usually 1915
Waste disposal & packaging Click here for a description of UN packaging marks Packaging Group III (minor danger)


TRANSLATIONS
for penconazole

Language Name
English penconazole
French penconazole
German Penconazol
Danish penconazol
Italian penconazolo
Spanish penconazol
Greek -
Slovenian penkonazol
Polish penkonazol
Swedish penkonazol
Hungarian penkonazol
Dutch penconazool

Record last updated: Wednesday 26 June 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
© University of Hertfordshire