penconazole (Ref: CGA 71818) ** Translations

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GENERAL INFORMATION
for penconazole

Description: A fungicide used to control fungal pathogens, particularly Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes

Example pests controlled: Powdery mildew; Scab; Ring spot; Rusts

Example applications: Vines; Fruit including apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, strawberries; Ornamentals; Hops; Vegetables; Cucumbers; Tomatoes

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1983

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Norway
Date inclusion expires	31/12/2021
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	No
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	A chiral molecule. The technical material is a racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole.
Chemical formula	C13H15Cl2N3
Canonical SMILES	CCCC(CN1C=NC=N1)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C13H15Cl2N3/c1-2-3-10(7-18-9-16-8-17-18)12-5-4-11(14)6-13(12)15/h4-6,8-10H,2-3,7H2,1H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:

Common Name	Relationship	Link
Penconazole	-

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide
Substance group	Triazole
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - None declared
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with curative and protective action, acts by interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis
CAS RN	66246-88-6
EC number	266-275-6
CIPAC number	446
US EPA chemical code	128999
PubChem CID	91693
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	284.18
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	-
IUPAC name	(RS)-1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole
CAS name	1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole
Other status information	PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	3
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	White powder
Related substances & organisms	naphtha

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Agrovista Syngenta Globalchem
Example products using this active	Topas Topenco 100EC
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate that is mixed with water and used as a spray.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for penconazole

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		73	A5	Moderate
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		500000	A5 - Acetone	-
		24000	A5 - n-Hexane	-
		500000	A5 - Toluene	-
		500000	A5 - Dichloromethane	-
Melting point (oC)		60.3	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		-	-	-
Degradation point (oC)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	5.25 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.72	A5	High
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.3	L3	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		1.51	A5	-
		Note: Very weak base; 2013 Peer reviewed literature gives pKa=5.2 [R4].
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		0.366	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		6.60 X 10-04	A5	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		1.28	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	3.03 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	High
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		Neutral solution: 220nm = 10564, 273nm = 437, 281nm = 401; [Acidic solution: 220nm = 10741, 273nm = 410, 281nm = 376; [Basic solution: 224nm = 9607, 273nm = 453, 281nm = 417; [No absorption maximum above 290nm	A5	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		59.7-62.8	A5 at 20oC, 0.1 g l-1 suspension	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	117	A5	Persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	117	A5	Persistent
	DT50 (field)	90	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	EU dossier lab studies DT50range 55.3-207 days, field studies DT50 range 22-115 days
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	65.6	R3	-
	Note	Tomato fruit, n=1
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	6.6	R4	-
	Note	Published literature RL50 range 2.5-14.0 days, 7 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=12
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	4	K2	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	Stable pH 4 to pH 9 at 25 and 50 degC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		853	A4	Stable
Water phase only DT50 (days)		2	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	-	-
	Koc	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	27.9	A5	Slightly mobile
	Kfoc	2205
	1/n	0.816
	Notes and range	EU dossier kf range 7.2-69.8 mL/g, kfoc range 786-4120 mL/g, 1/n range 0.75-0.89, Soils=8
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019)		Soil	0.386	Major fraction, Relevant
2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-3-(1,2,4)triazol-1-yl-propionic acid (Ref: CGA 179944)		Soil	0.189	Major fraction, Relevant
1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)		Soil	0.05	Minor fraction, Not relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
4-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-1-ol (Ref: CGA 127841)	-	Plant; Rat	-	-
4-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-2-ol (Ref: CGA 132465)	-	Plant; Rat (Urinary)	-	-
2-(2,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-pentan-3-ol (Ref: CGA 190503)	-	Plant; Rat	-	-
2-hydroxy-3-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-propionic acid (Ref: CGA 205369)	-	Rat	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for penconazole

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	320	A5	Threshold for concern
	CT50 (days)	3		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	3.8	L2 Rat, 2 year	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 1590	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		> 1845 mg kg bw-1 day-1	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		1.13	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.36	A5 Pimephales promelas	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		6.75	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.06	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		2.0	A5 Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		25.2	A5 Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		0.19	A5 Lemna gibba	Moderate
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		4.9	A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, growth	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 30	A4	Moderate
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 112	A4	Low
	Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		> 331.5	A5 Eisenia foetida, corr	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC50 (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	59	Mortality Dose: 100g ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	79	Mortality Dose: 100g ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose; 240 mg ha-1, 28days	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for penconazole

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 3000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 4.05	A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only, dust)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.03	A5 Dog, SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.5	A5 Rabbit, SF=100	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.03	A5 Dog, SF=100	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		1.0-5.0	A5 concentration dependent	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified
	Occupational	No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified for intended uses
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		0.1	EU Directive 98/778/EEC; A5	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Genotoxic	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
	A3; B3; C3; D0; E0
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
-		-		-
General human health issues		Potential liver toxicant Endocrine issues - Weak estrogenic effect
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative			Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem : No, known not to cause a problem : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 3
CLP classification 2013		Health: H302, H361d Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification		Reproduction risk category 3: R63 Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R51, R53
EC Safety Classification		S2, S13, S20/21, S61
WHO Classification		III	-	Slightly hazardous
UN Number		Usually 1915
Waste disposal & packaging		Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS
for penconazole

Language	Name
English	penconazole
French	penconazole
German	Penconazol
Danish	penconazol
Italian	penconazolo
Spanish	penconazol
Greek	-
Slovenian	penkonazol
Polish	penkonazol
Swedish	penkonazol
Hungarian	penkonazol
Dutch	penconazool

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Record last updated: Wednesday 26 June 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
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