Quinmerac (Ref: BAS 518H)

Quinmerac (Ref: BAS 518H)	Last updated: 17/03/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A residual herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds on a range of crops including cereals

Example pests controlled

Cleavers; Blackgrass; Chickweed; Cranesbill; Groundsel; Knotgrass; Pansy; Poppy; Shepherd's purse; Speedwell; Mayweed

Example applications

Cereals; Rape; Beet

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1993, introduced

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/07/2029

UK LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Estonia/Finland

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/07/2024

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓		✓	✓		✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓		✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₁H₈ClNO₂

Canonical SMILES

CC1=CN=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=C2C(=O)O)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

ALZOLUNSQWINIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C11H8ClNO2/c1-6-4-7-2-3-8(12)9(11(14)15)10(7)13-5-6/h2-5H,1H3,(H,14,15)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

980 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective. Absorbed by roots, synthetic auxin

CAS RN

90717-03-6

EC number

402-790-6

CIPAC number

563

US EPA chemical code

129181

PubChem CID

91749

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

221.6

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-8-carboxylic acid

IUPAC name

7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-8-carboxylic acid

CAS name

7-chloro-3-methyl-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Other status information

PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless crystalline solid

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

quinclorac

Soil

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

BASF
Clayton
Dow AgroSciences

Example products using this active

Oryx
Katamaran
Butisan Top
Novall

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a suspension concentrate that is mixed with water and applied as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

107000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

Toluene

1900

Methanol

1500

Acetone

2200

Dichloromethane

Melting point (°C)

253

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

260

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.89 X 10^-02

Calculated

Log P

-1.41

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.49

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

4.31

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.00 X 10^-07

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.00 X 10^-10

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

In methanol: 222nm = 40000, 254nm = 3200, 274nm = 4000, 300nm = 2600, 311nm = 3300, 325nm = 3700

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.2

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

16.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

9.8

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

70.6

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

83.5

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 12.3-27.3 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 52-346 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 4.6-19.2 days (normalised), DT₉₀ range 40-193 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

66.1

Stable

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 57 days at pH 5, 117 days at pH 9, all at 22 °C

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9, 15 days at 22 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

179.4

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

88.7

Stable

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

EU dossier K_oc range 19.2-184.8 mL g⁻¹

Freundlich

K_f

0.59

Moderately mobile

K_foc

¹/_n

0.88

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 0.1-1.20, K_foc range 6.2-126.0 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.81-0.96, Soils=15

pH sensitivity

Adsorption increases with decreasing pH

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.05

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.61 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 0.5E+06 OH/cm³, 24 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

7-chloro-3,8-quinoline dicarboxylic acid (Ref: BH 518-2)

Major fraction

0.291

BASF verified

3-hydroxymethyl-7-chloro-quinoline-8-carboxylic acid (Ref: BH 518-5)

Major fraction

0.272

BASF verified

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

7-chloro-3,8-quinoline dicarboxylic acid (Ref: BH 518-2)

Not relevant

0.08

480

3-hydroxymethyl-7-chloro-quinoline-8-carboxylic acid (Ref: BH 518-5)

Not relevant

0.08

480

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 468.8

Rat

Moderate

(ppm diet)

> 6000

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

323

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Low

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 933 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

173

Coturnix japonica

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

0.775

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: Chronic effect

Dose: 16.5 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

50.5

Lettuce
Vegetative vigour, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 108.5

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 48 hr

> 500

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 7 day

> 500

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

86.8

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.16

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 100

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Lemna gibba

Low

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

48.5

Chlorella fusca

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Unknown species

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.4

Rat (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.08

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.3

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.08

Dermal penetration studies (%)

2.0-12.5

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Small risk to bystanders from vapour and spray drift

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=237 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May damage red blood cells

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H412

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

quinmerac

French

quinmerac

German

Quinmerac

Danish

quinmerac

Italian

quinmerac

Spanish

quinmerac

Greek

Polish

quinmerac

Swedish

kvinmerak

Hungarian

quinmerac

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	17/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242