Sulcotrione (Ref: SC 0051)

Sulcotrione (Ref: SC 0051)	Last updated: 17/03/2024
(Also known as: sulcotrion; ICI A0051)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Drainflow: Mobile	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Genotoxic; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide for grass and broad-leaved weed control in maize, sugar cane and other crops

Example pests controlled

Pigweed; Goosefoot; Crabgrass; Common purslane; khaki weed; Bladder weed; Italian ryegrass; Dwarf marigold; Nightshade

Example applications

Maize; Sweetcorn; Sorghum; Sunflowers; Soybean; Cotton; Wheat; Broccoli; Carrots; Curcubits; Tobacco

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1991, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/08/2025

GB LERAP status

No data

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Germany/Spain

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

30/11/2026

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Yes - low ADI / ARfD / AOEL

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓	✓		✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓				✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓	✓	✓	✓			✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₄H₁₃ClO₅S

Canonical SMILES

CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2C(=O)CCCC2=O)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C14H13ClO5S/c1-21(19,20)8-5-6-9(10(15)7-8)14(18)13-11(16)3-2-4-12(13)17/h5-7,13H,2-4H2,1H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
sulcotrione	-

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Aroylcyclohexanedione herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

950 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - hydrogen cyanide 80mg kg⁻¹, toluene 4g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Absorbed mainly by the leaves but also some root uptake. Bleaching: inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase.

CAS RN

99105-77-8

EC number

619-394-6

CIPAC number

723

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

91760

CLP index number

606-145-00-1

Molecular mass

328.77

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-[2-chloro-4-(methanesulfonyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione

IUPAC name

2-(2-chloro-4-mesylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione

CAS name

2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Syngenta

Example products using this active

Mikado
Cyclone

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a suspension concentrate that is mixed with water and applied as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

165.0

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

2000

Xylene

190000

Dichloromethane

48000

Acetone

300

1-Octanol

Melting point (°C)

139

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

170

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.00 X 10^-02

Calculated

Log P

-1.7

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

3.13

Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

5.00 X 10^-03

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

6.0 X 10^-07

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

Negligible

24 hr

From soil surface

Negligible

24 hr

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

285nm = 15239, 283.5nm = 16868, 259 nm = 20364

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

69.0

at 20°C 90% soln

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

25.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

3.6

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

100.2

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

18.4

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 10.8-89.7 days, DT₉₀ range 47-246 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 1.2-11.4 days, DT₉₀ range 6.9-38 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

25.6

Slow

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 13 days at pH 4, 40.9 days at pH 9, all data for 5 cm depth and seasonal mean values. Degradation slower at 30 cm depth.

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 5 to pH 9, temp 25-40 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

63.9

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

9.5

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

1.05

Mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

0.839

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 0.29-2.26, K_foc range 17-58 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.812-0.888, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Predominantly OC-dependent but pH-dependent to a minor extent

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.36

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

3.10 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

34.18

Calculated using the Atkinson method, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2-chloro-4-methylsulfonyl-benzoic acid

Major fraction

0.603

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

2-chloro-4-methylsulfonyl-benzoic acid

Not relevant

0.20

1200

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate

Rat (Blood)

4-hydroxy-sulcotrione, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione

sulcotrione metabolite M02

Rat (Urine)

5-hydroxy-sulcotrione, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-5-hydroxycyclohexane-1,3-dione

sulcotrione metabolite M04

Rat (Urine)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 0.5

Rat 2 yr

High

(ppm diet)

> 100

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1350

Anas platyrhynchos

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 1259 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 4.5 kg ha⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

7.0

Lactuca sativa
Seedling emergence, ER₅₀
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

200

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

5.7

Coccinella septempunctata Larva

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 48 hr

> 450

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 7 day

> 450

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 450 g ha⁻¹

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

227

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.2

Oncorhynchus mykiss Juvenile growth

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 848

Daphnia magna

Low

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 75

Daphnia magna

Low

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.051

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

1.2

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

4000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.63

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0004

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

None allocated

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0006

Rat SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.1-0.5

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified for intended use

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified for intended use

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Potential kidney and liver toxicant
May cause eye damage

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H361d, H373
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

sulcotrione

French

sulcotrione

German

Sulcotrion

Danish

sulcotrion

Italian

sulcotrione

Spanish

sulcotriona

Greek

Polish

sulkotrion

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

sulcotrion

Norwegian

Record last updated:	17/03/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242