Cadusafos (Ref: FMC 67825)

Cadusafos (Ref: FMC 67825)	Last updated: 29/08/2024
(Also known as: ebufos)

SUMMARY

Cadufos is an organophosphate insecticide and nematicide. It has a moderate aquatic solubility, is very volatile and moderately mobile. It can be persistent in both soil and water systems. Cadufos is highly toxic to mammals and there is also some concern regarding its tendency to bioaccumulate. It is highly toxic to birds and earthworms, and moderately toxic to honeybees and most aquatic organisms.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A organophosphate insecticide used to control various nematodes and soil-borne insects

Example pests controlled

Nematodes; Wireworms; Cutworms

Example applications

Bananas; Citrus; Maize; Potatoes; Sugarcane

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1982, patent filed Europe; 1989, first registration USA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a pesticide

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Greece

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with 2 chiral centres

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₂₃O₂PS₂

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)SP(=O)(OCC)SC(C)CC

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

KXRPCFINVWWFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H23O2PS2/c1-6-9(4)14-13(11,12-8-3)15-10(5)7-2/h9-10H,6-8H2,1-5H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Nematicide

Substance groups

Organophosphate insecticide; Organothiophosphate insecticide; Organophosphate nematicide; Organothiophosphate nematticide

Minimum active substance purity

900 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad spectrum activity with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor.

CAS RN

95465-99-9

EC number

619-129-4

CIPAC number

682

US EPA chemical code

128864

PubChem CID

91752

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

270.39

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

S,S-di(butan-2-yl) O-ethyl phosphorodithioate

IUPAC name

S,S-di-sec-butyl O-ethyl phosphorodithioate

CAS name

O-ethyl S,S-bis(1-methylpropyl) phosphorodithioate

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus

Physical state

Clear liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Example products using this active

Ruby SC
Apache

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as a capsule suspension which is mixed with water and used as a spray but also available in other formulations

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

245

at 25 °C

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

125000

Heptane

250000

Methanol

Miscible

Xylene

Miscible

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

None observed

Boiling point (°C)

115

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

7.08 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.85

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.05

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

119.6

Highly volatile. If applied directly to plants or soil, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

0.132

Moderately volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral solution: 224nm = 884, no significant absorbance >= 290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

42.2

at 20°C

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

56.7

Moderately persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

188

Persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 50.9-51.6 days, DT₉₀ range 169.1-206.8 days, n=5 at 20 °C, field studies DT₅₀ range 12-59 days, European soils

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

26.2

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 23.0-29.0 days, 2 field crops, various matrices, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

174

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 5 to pH9, 25 °C.

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

215

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Stable

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

3.8

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

227

¹/_n

0.99

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 2-6 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 144-351 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.97-1.00, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.62

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.72 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

1.1

Calculated using the Atkinson method, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

220

Whole fish

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

methyl-2-butyl sulfone

Minor fraction

0.075

carbon dioxide

Aerobic

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

methyl-2-butyl sulfone

Relevancy unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

(RS)-[S-[(2RS)-butan-2-yl]S-ethyl hydrogen phosphorodithioate] (Ref: FMC 78135)

Surface water

(2RS,3RS)-2-hydroxy-3-(methylsulfonyl)butanic acid)
Note: Transient metabolite

Plant

(2RS,3RS)-3-(methylsulfonyl)butan-2-ol

Plant; Rat

S,S-(2RS)-dibutan-2-yl hydrogen phosphorodothioate (Ref: FMC 78115)
Note: Possible cholinesterase inhibition activity

Plant; Surface water

(2RS,3RS)-3,4-dihydroxybutane-2-sulfonic acid

Rat (Urine, hydroxylated form)

S-[(2RS)-butan-2-yl]dihydrogen phosphorothioate (Ref: FMC 78123)
Note: Possible cholinesterase inhibition activity

Plant; Surface water

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

30.1

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

0.067

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

16.1

Colinus virginianus

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

10.8 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

7.2

Eisenia foetida

High

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

1.8

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 50 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.08

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

2.07

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 48 hr

3.75

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹ 7 day

44.4

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 4.5 kg ha⁻¹

81.8

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.13

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0052

Oncorhynchus mykiss 95 day

High

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.00075

Daphnia magna

High

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.00023

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.032

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

4.3

Scenedesmus subspicatus

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

0.00005

Aquatic invertebrates

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

0.00125

Aquatic community recovery from advserse direct effects

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

30.1

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

10.7

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.026

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0004

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.003

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0007

Rat 90 day SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

100

default

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

No unacceptable risk if PPE/PPC is used

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=0.45 µg l⁻¹

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

No further information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H300, H310, H330
Environment: H400

WHO Classification

Ib (Highly hazardous)

UN Number

UN3018

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (moderate danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

cadusafos

French

cadusafos

German

Cadusafos

Danish

cadusafos

Italian

cadusafos

Spanish

cadusafos

Greek

Polish

kadusafos

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	29/08/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242