Monocrotophos (Ref: ENT 27129)	Last updated: 04/03/2020
(Also known as: azadrin; corophos; OMS 834)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	Used to control sucking and chewing pests typically on cotton, citrus and many other crops
Example pests controlled	Aphids; Common mites; Ticks; Spiders; Caterpillars
Example applications	Cotton; Palms; Ornamental conifers; Ornamental shrubs and flowers; Peanuts; Sugarcane; Citrus; Olives
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Unknown
Introduction & key dates	-

UK regulatory status

UK approval status	Not approved

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Directive 91/414 Status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Italy
Date inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) or known to be used (#) in the following EU-27 Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₇H₁₄NO₅P
Canonical SMILES	C/C(=C\C(=O)NC)/OP(=O)(OC)OC
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C7H14NO5P/c1-6(5-7(9)8-2)13-14(10,11-3)12-4/h5H,1-4H3,(H,8,9)/b6-5+
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
monocrotophos	-

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Acaricide
Substance group	Organophosphate
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Broad spectrum, systemic with stomach and contact action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.
CAS RN	6923-22-4
EC number	230-042-7
CIPAC number	287
US EPA chemical code	058903
PubChem CID	5371562
Molecular mass	223.16
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	dimethyl (2E)-4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl phosphate
IUPAC name	dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate
CAS name	dimethyl (1E)-1-methyl-3-(methylamino)-3-oxo-1-propenyl phosphate
Other status information	PIC Annex III; Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class Ib)
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	1B
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Bemisia tabaci, Boophilus microplus, Cacopsylla pyri, Earias vittella, Lygus hesperus, Spodoptera littoralis, many others
Physical state	Colourless crystals when pure reddish-brown as technical substance
Related substances & organisms	fenvalerate

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Nuvacron Crisodrin Monophos Monodrin Phoskill
Example products using this active	BASF AgroCare King Tech Corp United Phosphorus
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009
Formulation and application details	Available as a water soluble concentrate and ULV formulation

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		818000	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source	High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		700000	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Acetone	-
		1000000	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Methanol	-
		10000	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source Toluene	-
		292000	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol	-
Melting point (°C)		54	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	6.03 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Log P	-0.22	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.16	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C		0.29	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C		-	-	-
GUS leaching potential index		4.02	Calculated	High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	8.78 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	7	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	30	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately persistent
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Literature values for soil DT₅₀ range 1-35 days
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	5.0	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.4-7.8 days, 2 field grown crops, various matrices, n=2
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	3.7	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.3-14.5 days, 10 field grown crops, various matrices, n=11
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	26	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slow
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	134	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source	Persistent
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source	Mobile
	Koc	19
	Notes and range	Literature values for Koc range 0.9-30.8 mL g⁻¹
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	Low risk	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source Based on LogP < 3	Low risk
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		14	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Rat	High
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 0.94	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Colinus virginianus	High
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 7.0	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.023	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	0.02	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	High
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	1.1	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Megachile rotundata	Moderate
	Mode of exposure	Contact
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		35	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		14	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data Rat	High
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		157	J4 J = Pesticide Action Network database (click here ) 4 = Verified data Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.0006	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data JMPR 1995	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.002	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data JMPR 1995	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List I; List II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Minimal risk from food residues Exposure by general public unlikely
	Occupational	Full protective clothing required including respirator to minimise operator and worker exposure May be absorbed through skin
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E1 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 1 = Positive No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser XNo, known not to cause a problem ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		Highly toxic orally

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Corrosive IMDG Transport Code is 6.1
CLP classification 2013	Health: H300, H311; H330; H340 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	T+ : Very toxic: R26/28, R68 T - Toxic: R24 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S1/2, S36/37, S45, S60, S61
WHO Classification	Ib (Highly hazardous / Highly hazardous)
UN Number	2783
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	monocrotophos
French	monocrotophos
German	Monocrotophos
Danish	-
Italian	-
Spanish	monocrotofos
Greek	-
Polish	monokrotofos
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	04/03/2020
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242