| camphechlor (Ref: Hercules 3956) |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health
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SUMMARY
Camphechlor is an obsolete insecticide and acaricide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, is quite volatile and moderately mobile. Based on its chemical properties, it has a high risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not expected to be persistent in soil but may be persistent in water systems. Camphechlor is highly toxic to mammals and is likely to bioaccumulate. It is highly toxic to birds and most aquatic organisms. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for camphechlor
Description: An obsolete insecticide that was often used in conjunction with other active substances to control a wide range on insects on crops and livestock
Example pests controlled: Lygus bugs; Aphids; Spidermites; Ticks; Fleas; Mange mites; Lice; Scab mites; Grasshoppers; Armyworms; Cutworms
Example applications: Cotton; Ornamentals; Pineapples; Corn and small grains; Vegetables; Oilseeds; Livestock
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Obsolete/Banned
Introduction & key dates: 1947, first developed
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | A chiral molecule |
| Chemical formula | C10H10Cl8 |
| Canonical SMILES | C1C2C(C(C(C1(Cl)Cl)(C2(CCl)C(Cl)Cl)CCl)Cl)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | YNEKMCSWRMRXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C10H10Cl8/c11-2-8(7(15)16)4-1-10(17,18)9(8,3-12)6(14)5(4)13/h4-7H,1-3H2 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance | |||
| Substance group | Chlorinated hydrocarbon | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | A non-systemic contact and stomach insecticide. It acts on the neurons, causing an imbalance in sodium and potassium ions, similar to that of the cyclodiene insecticides. | |||
| CAS RN | 8001-35-2 | |||
| EC number | 232-283-3 | |||
| CIPAC number | 23 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 080501 | |||
| PubChem CID | 58167 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 413.96 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | reaction mixture of chlorinated camphenes containing 67–69% chlorine | |||
| CAS name | 2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-Octachlorobornane | |||
| Other status information | Chemical subject to PIC regulations; OSPAR soc; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O) | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not known | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Yellow to amber waxy solid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually formulated as a wettable power, dust or emulsifiable concentrate. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for camphechlor
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 3.0 | F4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 4500000 | CA3 - Benzene | - | |
| 4500000 | CA3 - Carbon tetrachloride | - | ||
| 4500000 | CA3 - Xylene | - | ||
| 2800000 | CA3 - Kerosene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 78 | V2 - Range 65-90 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 2.00 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.3 | F4 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.65 | F4 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 0.67 | Q3 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 6.08 X 10-01 | V3 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
3.92 | Calculated | High leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 1.21 X 10+00 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 365 | L1 | Very persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 9 | F3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Literature sources highly variable: DT50 2 months and 14 years; US sources: 9 days (DW3, US3); Field DT50 9 to 500 days (R3) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | 3.6 | R4 | - |
| Note | Published literature RL50 range 1.6-5.0 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4 | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 12.6 | R4 | - |
| Note | Published literature RL50 range 2.3-25.2 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=7 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | R3 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | F2 | Moderately mobile |
| Koc | 295 | |||
| Notes and range | Literature range for log Koc = 2.47-5.00; Other sources: Koc 100000 mL/g (US2) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| strobane (Ref: ENT 19442) | - | - | ||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 76000 | R4 | High potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 50 | V3 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 15 | V3 Anas platyrhynchos | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0044 | F4 Lepomis macrochirus | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0141 | F4 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0021 | F3 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | > 0.38 | F4 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 19.1 | F4 | Moderate | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for camphechlor
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 50 | V3 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | - | - | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | [LT TLV-TWS (US): 0.5 mg/m3] | F3 | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Possible risk via food contamination | ||
| Occupational | Absorbed by the intact skin and from the gastrointestinal tract | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | IARC group 2B carcinogen Ingestion may be fatal May cause convulsions Potential kidney toxicant May cause allergic bronchopneumonia Endocrine issues - Increase of estrogen-sensitive cells proliferation |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Corrosive Not compatible with strongly alkaline pesticides |
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| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H301, H312, H315, H335, H351 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Carcinogen category 3: R40 T - Toxic: R25 Xn - Harmful: R21 Xi - Irritant: R40 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S36/37, S45, S61, S60 | |||
| WHO Classification | O | - | Obsolete substance | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | II | - | Warning - Moderately toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | camphechlor |
| French | bamphéchlore |
| German | Camphechlor |
| Danish | camphechlor, toxaphen |
| Italian | camfeclor |
| Spanish | camfeclor |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | kamfeklor |
| Polish | kamfechlor |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | toxafeen |
Record last updated: Tuesday 22 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk