carbendazim (Ref: BAS 346F) ** carbendazol ** carbendazim (MBC) ** carbendazime ** MBC ** Translations

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SUMMARY

Carbendazim is a fungicide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, is volatile and moderately mobile. It is moderately persistent in soil and can be very persistent in water systems under certain conditions. Carbendazim has a low mammalian toxicity and is not expected to bioaccumulate. It is, however, reported as a reproduction/developmental toxicant. It is moderately toxic to honeybees and most aquatic organisms. It is highly toxic to earthworms but non-toxic to birds.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for carbendazim

Description: A fungicide used to control a a range of diseases including Septoria, Fusarium and Sclerotina. Can also be a pesticide transformation product

Example pests controlled: Husk spot; Chocolate spot; Grey mould; Green mould; Crown rot

Example applications: Beans; Macademia nuts; Lentils; Chickpeas; Strawberries; Sugarcane; Cereals

Efficacy & activity: Wheat/Fungal infections=Low

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1973, first reported; 1974, first introduced

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Germany
Date inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia, USA

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	None
Chemical formula	C9H9N3O2
Canonical SMILES	COC(=O)NC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N1
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C9H9N3O2/c1-14-9(13)12-8-10-6-4-2-3-5-7(6)11-8/h2-5H,1H3,(H2,10,11,12,13)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status:

Pesticide type	Fungicide, Metabolite
Metabolite Type	Soil
Substance group	Benzimidazole
Minimum active substance purity	960 g/kg
Known relevant impurities	EU dossier - 3-amino-2-hydroxyphenazine 0.0005 g/kg; 2,3-diamino-phenazine 0.0006 g/kg
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Systemic with curative and protectant activity. Inhibition of mitosis and cell division (Beta-tubulin assembly in mitosis).
CAS RN	10605-21-7
EC number	234-323-0
CIPAC number	263
US EPA chemical code	115001/128872
PubChem CID	25429
CLP index number	613-048-00-8
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	191.21
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	methyl 1H-1,3-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate
IUPAC name	methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate
CAS name	methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate
Other status information	Marine Pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	Environment Agency UK non-statutory standard for the protection of aquatic life: freshwater and saltwater annual average 0.1 ug/L; max acceptable conc: 1.0 ug/L
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	1
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Colourless crystalline powder
Related substances & organisms	epoxiconazole flusilazole

Can be a metabolite of:

Parent		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
thiophanate-methyl		Soil	0.758	Major fraction, Relevant
benomyl		Soil		-
thiophanate		Soil		Major fraction, Relevant

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	AgriGuard DuPont Nufarm Barclay
Example products using this active	Delsene 50 Flo Harvesan Mascot Occidor Ringer Punch SE
UK LERAP status	None
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied as a soluble concentrate that is mixed with water and applied as a spray, used as a drench or pre-planting dip.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for carbendazim

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		8.0	A5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		300	A5 - Ethanol	-
		36	A5 - Benzene	-
		135	A5 - Ethyl acetate	-
		100	A5 - Chloroform	-
Melting point (oC)		305	A5	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	A5	-
Degradation point (oC)		305	A5	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	A5	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	3.02 X 1001	Calculated	-
	Log P	1.48	A5	Low
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.45	A5	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		4.2	A5	-
		Note: Weak base
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		0.09	A5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		3.60 X 10-03	A5	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		2.21	Calculated	Transition state
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	8.69 X 10-02	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Low
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		242.5-244nm =10410, two smaller peaks at 279-280.5nm and 285-288 nm = 14670	A3	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	40	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	34.3	A5	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (field)	22	A5	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	132.5	A5	-
	DT90 (field)	115	A5	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	EU dossier Lab studies DT50 range 20-40 days, DT90 range 86-226 days; Field studies DT50 range 11-78 days, DT90 range 36-257 days; Defra give general range as 8-32 days; Other sources: DT50 120 days (F3)
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	5.6	R4	-
	Note	Published literature RL50 range 2.2-9.0 days, 2 undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=2
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	8.4	R4	-
	Note	Published literature RL50 range 2.2-32.0 days, 17 field crops, various matrices, n=32
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	Stable	A5	-
	Note	Stable at pH 5 to pH 7, DT50 22-124 days at pH 9
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	350	A5	Persistent
	Note	pH5:>350 days; pH7:>350 days; pH9: 54-124 days, all @ 22-25 DegC
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		33.7	A5	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		7.9	A5	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	-	-
	Koc	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	3.4	A4	Moderately mobile
	Kfoc	225
	1/n	0.967
	Notes and range	EU dossier Kf range 1.6-6.3 mL/g, Kfoc range 200-246 mL/g, 1/n range 0.87-1.12, Soils=3
pH sensitivity		No

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
2-aminobenzimidazole		Soil	0.08	Minor fraction, Relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
5-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole carbamate	5-OH-MBC; 5-OH-carbendazim	a=Animal; b=Plant	a=1.00	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for carbendazim

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	25	P4	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 10000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	> 10	B5 Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	> 100		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 2250	A5 Colinus virginianus	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		615 mg kg bw-1 day-1	A5 Anas platyrhynchos	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.19	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.0032	A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		0.15	A5 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.0015	A5 Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		0.086	F3 Americamysis bahia	High
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		0.0133	A5 Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		> 7.7	A5 Scenedemus subspicatus	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 50	A5	Moderate
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	> 756	A5	Low
	Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		5.4	A5 Eisenia foetida	High
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		1.0	A5 Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC50 (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	3000	> Mortality A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
	% Effect	39	Dose: 0.36 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius matricariae	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	30	> Mortality A5 Typhlodromus pyri	-
	% Effect	100	Dose: 0.03 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri, protonymph	-
Soil micro-organisms		Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect	A5 Dose: 1.5 kg ha-1	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for carbendazim

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		> 10000	A5 Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 2000	A5 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		> 5.8	A5 Rat, 4 hr (head/nose)	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.02	A5 Rabbit, SF-500	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.02	A5 Rat, SF=500	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.02	A5 Rat, SF=500	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Negligible risk to consumers and bystanders
	Occupational	Low risk to agricultural workers
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Genotoxic	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
	A2; B3; C3; D0; E1
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		Evidence of liver enzyme induction Possible liver toxicant USEPA - possible human carcinogen Increase of estrogen production and aromatase activity
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative			Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem : No, known not to cause a problem : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		IMDG Transport Code is usually 9
CLP classification 2013		Health: H340, H360FD Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification		Mutagenic category 2: R46 Reproduction risk category 2: R60, R61 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification		S45, S53, S60, S61
WHO Classification		U	-	Unlikely to present an acute hazard
UN Number		Usually 3082
Waste disposal & packaging		Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS
for carbendazim

Language	Name
English	carbendazim
French	carbendazime
German	Carbendazim
Danish	carbendazim
Italian	carbendazim
Spanish	carbendazima
Greek	carbendazim
Slovenian	karbendazim
Polish	karbendazym
Swedish	karbendazim
Hungarian	karbendazim
Dutch	carbendazim

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Record last updated: Tuesday 05 November 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk