Fumaric acid |

Last updated: 16/11/2022
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(Also known as: 2-butenedioic acid; allomaleate ; lichenate; allomaleic acid; boletic acid) |
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate |
Ecotoxicity |
Human health |
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A substance without pesticial properties but used in some formulations as an acidity regulator |
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- |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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No |
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ATAustria |
BEBelgium |
BGBulgaria |
CYCyprus |
CZCzech Republic |
DEGermany |
DKDenmark |
EEEstonia |
ELGreece |
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ESSpain |
FIFinland |
FRFrance |
HRCroatia |
HUHungary |
IEIreland |
ITItaly |
LTLithuania |
LULuxembourg |
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LVLatvia |
MTMalta |
NLNetherlands |
PLPoland |
PTPortugal |
RORomania |
SESweden |
SISlovenia |
SKSlovakia |
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Fumaric acid is the trans-isomer of butenedioic acid. Maleic acid is the cis-form. |
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C₄H₄O₄ |
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C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O |
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C(=C/C(=O)O)\C(=O)O |
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VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N |
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InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1+ |
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Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams |
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Common Name |
Relationship |
Link |
fumaric acid |
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 |
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Other substance |
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Acidity regulator |
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Unclassified substance |
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Synthetic |
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inert |
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110-17-8 |
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203-743-0 |
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- |
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051201 |
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- |
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116.07 |
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- |
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(E)-butenedioic acid |
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trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid |
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Food and Feed additive as a acidity regulator (FLAVIS no. 08.025) |
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- |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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Not applicable |
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- |
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White crystalline, odourless solid |
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7000 |
at 25 °C |
High |
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287 |
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282 |
(open cup) |
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1.78 X 1000 |
Calculated |
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0.25 |
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Low |
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- |
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1.635 |
P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.03 |
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Weak acid, pka2 = 4.44 |
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0.00002 |
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Low volatility |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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Cannot be calculated |
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None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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9300 |
Rat |
Low |
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212 |
Daphnia magna |
Low |
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41.0 |
P3 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Scenedesmus subspicatus |
Low |
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HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION |
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Low (class I) |
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9300 |
Rat |
Low |
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EU MRL pesticide database |
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Carcinogen |
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Endocrine disruptor |
No data found |
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data |
No data found |
Reproduction / development effects |
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor |
Neurotoxicant |
No data found |
XNo, known not to cause a problem |
No data found |
Respiratory tract irritant |
Skin irritant |
Skin sensitiser |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
Eye irritant |
Phototoxicant |
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✓Yes, known to cause a problem |
No data found |
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May cause abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and nausea |
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Combustible Gives off irritating or toxic gases in a fire Prevent generation of dust - explosion possible |
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Not listed (Not listed) |
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fumaric acid |
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acide fumarique |
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Fumarsäure |
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- |
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Acido fumarico |
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Fumaarihappo |
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Fumaarzuur |
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Record last updated: |
16/11/2022 |
Contact: |
aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: |
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |