4-aminopyridine (Ref: PRC 1237)
Last updated: 19/08/2023
(Also known as: 4-AP; gamma-aminopyridine; amino-4-pyridine; fampridine; dalfampridine)
4-aminopyridine is a bird repellent. It is highly soluble in water and is a volatile substance. However, it can be very persistent in soil systems. 4-aminopyridine is moderately toxic to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates. It has a high mammalian oral toxicity and is a recognised irritant.
The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
 
A highly effective bird repellent and toxin used as granular bait.
Red-winged blackbirds; Pigeons; Sparrows
Public buildings; Agricultural fields
-
Current
-
Not approved
Not applicable
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
Not approved
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
No
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISIceland
NONorway
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
None
H₂NC₅H₄N
C1=CN=CC=C1N
-
NUKYPUAOHBNCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C5H6N2/c6-5-1-3-7-4-2-5/h1-4H,(H2,6,7)/p+1
Yes
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams
Common Name
Relationship
Link
4-aminopyridine
-
Avicide, Acaricide, Repellent
Unclassified pesticide
-
-
Synthetic
Works as a potassium channel blocker, over stimulating the nervous system
504-24-5
207-987-9
None allocated
069201
1727
607-039-00-8
94.13
pyridin-4-amine
pyridin-4-amine
4-pyridinamine
-
-
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
-
White crystalline solid
Usually supplied as grain bait
83300
at 25 °C
High
-
-
-
158
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.09 X 1000
Calculated
-
0.32
Low
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.17
-
Weak acid
80000
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Highly volatile
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500
Very persistent
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DT₅₀ range 3 months in clay to 32 months in sandy-loam soils
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
-
-
-
Cannot be calculated
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3.9
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
Whole fish
Low potential
Not available
-
None
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
29
Rat
High
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 547.3
Anas platyrhynchos
Moderate
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
> 10.4
Lepomis macrochirus
Moderate
-
-
-
> 3.2
Daphnia magna
Moderate
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
High (class III)
-
-
29
Rat
High
326
Rabbit
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0015
USA
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EU MRL pesticide database 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Carcinogen
Endocrine disruptor
XNo, known not to cause a problem
A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative
; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Reproduction / development effects
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
Neurotoxicant
XNo, known not to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
?Possibly, status not identified
Respiratory tract irritant
Skin irritant
Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
Eye irritant
Phototoxicant
 
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
 
Highly toxic - death can result from respiratory arrest or heart failure Liver and brain toxicant
Avoid generation of dust IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Health: H335, H319, H315, H300
Not listed (Not listed)
UN2671
Packaging Group II (moderate danger)
-
4-aminopyridine
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Record last updated:
19/08/2023
Contact:
aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal , 22 (4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242