| benzyl benzoate |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health
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Further data may be found in the VSDB
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for benzyl benzoate
Description: Mainly used as a non-agricultural pesticide with some veterinary applications as well as being used as a food additive and in perfumary.
Example pests controlled: Chiggers; Ticks; Mosquitoes; Gnats; House dust-mite; Human scabies
Example applications: Non-agricultural situations; Public health situations; Domestic houses; Veterinary premises and hospitals; Textiles
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: -
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Not applicable |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
| Listed in EU database | No |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Canada; New Zealand; USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C14H12O2 |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C14H12O2/c15-14(13-9-5-2-6-10-13)16-11-12-7-3-1-4-8-12/h1-10H,11H2 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Acaricide, Insecticide, Veterinary substance, Other substance | |||
| Other constituent type | Solvent | |||
| Substance group | Bridged diphenyl | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Attacks the nervous system of mites | |||
| CAS RN | 120-51-4 | |||
| EC number | 204-402-9 | |||
| CIPAC number | - | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 009501 | |||
| PubChem CID | 2345 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 212.25 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | benzyl benzoate | |||
| IUPAC name | benzyl benzoate | |||
| CAS name | phenylmethyl benzoate | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not known | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Colourless to pale yellow oily liquid with pleasant aromatic odour | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically | - | |||
| Example products using this active |
|
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Veterinary formulations are usually emulsions for topical application. Non-agricultural formulations include foams and powders. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for benzyl benzoate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 15.4 | V3 - @ 25 DegC | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | B5 - Ether | - | |
| Miscible | B5 - Ethanol | - | ||
| Miscible | B5 - Methanol | - | ||
| Miscible | B5 - Acetone | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 18 | B4 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | 323 | E3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 158 | E3 - (closed cup) | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 9.33 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.97 | V3 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.12 | B4 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 29.86 | CA2 | Highly volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 0.284 | V3 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
- | - | - | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | - | - | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | - | - | - |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note: | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| benzoic acid | - | Humans | - | - |
| benzyl alcohol | - | Humans | - | - |
| hippuric acid | - | Humans | - | - |
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for benzyl benzoate
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | - | - | - |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 2800 | B4 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2000 | F3 Colinus virginianus | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 4.6 | E3 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees (Apis spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| - | ||||
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| - | ||||
| Mason bees (Osmia spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other pollinators (1) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Other pollinators (2) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms | Acute LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | Chronic NOEC (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for benzyl benzoate
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
Low (class I) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 2800 | B4 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | B3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | Intraperitoneal LD50 > 500 mg kg-1 | V3 Mouse | - | |
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | No unacceptable risks identified | ||
| Occupational | May be absorbed through the skin | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
|
A0; B0; C0; D0; E0 | - |
- |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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- |
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| General human health issues | May cause nausea and vomiting In large doses may cause skin blistering, crusting & scaling |
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| Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem  : No, known not to cause a problem  : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found |
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Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Combustible IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 Incompatible with alkalis and oxidising agents |
|||
| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R22 Xi - Irritant: R36, R38 |
|||
| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S46, S56 | |||
| WHO Classification | NL | - | Not listed | |
| UN Number | 3082 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
TRANSLATIONS
for benzyl benzoate
| Language | Name |
| English | benzyl benzoate |
| French | - |
| German | - |
| Danish | - |
| Italian | - |
| Spanish | - |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | - |
| Polish | - |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Saturday 26 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk