copper II hydroxide |
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SUMMARY
A widely used copper fungicide that is approved for use in many countries including at EU level. It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility. As a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment. It is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity. GENERAL INFORMATION
for copper II hydroxide
Description: Inorganic copper compound used to protect against a number of fungal and bacterial diseases
Example pests controlled: Wide range of fungal pathogens including mildews and leaf spots
Example applications: Fruit including plums, citrus, litchi, mango, apples, pears, grapes; Beans, Peppers, Brassicas, Lettuce, Onions, Curcubits; Tomatoes
Efficacy & activity: Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials.
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1968, USA
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
Status | Approved |
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | France/Germany |
Date inclusion expires | 31/12/2025 |
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria |
Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use () or known to be used (
) in the following European countries:
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
Isomerism | None |
Chemical formula | H2O2Cu |
Canonical SMILES | [Cu+2].[OH-].[OH-] |
Isomeric SMILES | No data |
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/Cu.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2/rCuH2O2/c2-1-3/h2-3H |
2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
Pesticide type | Fungicide, Bactericide | |||
Substance group | Inorganic compound | |||
Minimum active substance purity | > 583 g/Kg total copper | |||
Known relevant impurities | EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg | |||
Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
Mode of action | Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of the pathogens. Multi-site activity. | |||
CAS RN | 20427-59-2 | |||
EC number | 243-815-9 | |||
CIPAC number | 44.305 | |||
US EPA chemical code | - | |||
PubChem CID | 30154 | |||
Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 97.56 | |||
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | copper(II) hydroxide | |||
IUPAC name | copper(II) hydroxide | |||
CAS name | copper hydroxide | |||
Other status information | PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |||
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | M1/2 | |||
Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
Physical state | Blue-green powdery solid | |||
Related substances & organisms | - |
Formulations:
Property ![]() |
Value | |||
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically | - | |||
Example products using this active | - | |||
UK LERAP status | None | |||
Formulation and application details | - |
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for copper II hydroxide
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for copper II hydroxide
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for copper II hydroxide
General:
Property ![]() |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information ![]() |
Interpretation ![]() |
|
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) ![]() |
High (class III) | - | - | |
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 489 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.45 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (whole body) | - | |
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.15 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | None allocated | A5 | - | |
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | None allocated | A5 | - | |
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.072 | A5 | - | |
Dermal penetration studies (%) | 1-9 | A5 concentration dependent | - | |
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List II | - | - | |
Exposure Routes | Public | Negligible risk to bystanders for proposed uses | ||
Occupational | Acceptable risk to operators and workers for proposed uses with PPE/PPC | |||
European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
Drinking Water Standards | Statutory EU standard for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg/L Non-statutory WHO guideline for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg/L |
UK EA QS database, 2018 | - | |
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | 2000 | EU Dir 89/778/EC limit as Cu, A5 | - |
Health issues:
Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
A0; B0; C0; D0; E3 | ||||||||
Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
|
|||||||
General human health issues | Potential heavy metal poisoning | |||||||
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other![]() ![]() ![]() - : No data found |
Handling issues:
TRANSLATIONS
for copper II hydroxide
Language | Name |
English | copper II hydroxide |
French | hydroxyde de cuivre |
German | Kupferhydroxid |
Danish | kobberhydroxid |
Italian | idrossido di rame |
Spanish | hidróxido de cobre |
Greek | - |
Slovenian | bakrov II hidroksid |
Polish | wodorotlenek miedzi (II) |
Swedish | kopparhydroxid |
Hungarian | réz(II)-hidroxid |
Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Tuesday 15 October 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk