| copper II hydroxide |
 |
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SUMMARY
A widely used copper fungicide that is approved for use in many countries including at EU level. It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility. As a heavy metal, copper itself will not degrade in the environment. It is moderately toxic to mammals and most biodiversity. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for copper II hydroxide
Description: Inorganic copper compound used to protect against a number of fungal and bacterial diseases
Example pests controlled: Wide range of fungal pathogens including mildews and leaf spots
Example applications: Fruit including plums, citrus, litchi, mango, apples, pears, grapes; Beans, Peppers, Brassicas, Lettuce, Onions, Curcubits; Tomatoes
Efficacy & activity: Copper based products have been shown to be affective against many fungal pathogens in field trials.
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1968, USA
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | France/Germany |
| Date inclusion expires | 30/01/2019 |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | None |
| Chemical formula | H2O2Cu |
| Canonical SMILES | [Cu+2].[OH-].[OH-] |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/Cu.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2/rCuH2O2/c2-1-3/h2-3H |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Fungicide, Bactericide | |||
| Substance group | Inorganic compound | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | > 583 g/Kg total copper | |||
| Known relevant impurities | EU 2018 dossier: May contain heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, CO, Sb & Hg | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of the pathogens. Multi-site activity. | |||
| CAS RN | 20427-59-2 | |||
| EC number | 243-815-9 | |||
| CIPAC number | 44.305 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | - | |||
| PubChem CID | 30154 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 97.56 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | copper(II) hydroxide | |||
| IUPAC name | copper(II) hydroxide | |||
| CAS name | copper hydroxide | |||
| Other status information | PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | M1/2 | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |||
| Physical state | Blue-green powdery solid | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically | - | |||
| Example products using this active | - | |||
| UK LERAP status | None | |||
| Formulation and application details | - | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for copper II hydroxide
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.506 | A5 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.007 | A5 - Heptane | - | |
| 0.016 | A5 - p-Xylene | - | ||
| 0.0016 | A5 - Isopropanol | - | ||
| 0.005 | A5 - Acetone | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | Decomposes before melting | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 229 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 2.75 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.44 | A5 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | - | - | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 0.000001 | C4 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | - | - | - | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
-0.32 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g-1 are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | High | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | Acidic soln: 205nm=3605, 250nm=185, 800nm=13, 290nm=32, 295nm=24 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | Not applicable | A5 | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | Not biodegradable |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 10000 | A2 | Very persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | 2600 | F3 | Very persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU 2018 dossier: No degradation expected | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | F3 | Non-mobile |
| Koc | 12000 | |||
| Notes and range | Other data source: Koc 4000-20000 mL/g (US3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for copper II hydroxide
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | Low risk | A5 Based on LogP < 3 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 489 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 223 | A5 Colinus virginianus, as copper | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.017 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.027 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.038 | A5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.03 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.009 | A5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | High | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 44.46 | A5 Apis mellifera | Moderate |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | 49.0 | A5 Apis mellifera | Moderate | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 677 | A5 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | < 15 | A5 Eisenia foetida, as Cu, 56 days | Moderate | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | 50 | As Cu, Mortality A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi |
- |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: 12.5 kg Cu/ha |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | 0.003 | A5 | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for copper II hydroxide
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 489 | A5 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.45 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (whole body) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.15 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | None allocated | A5 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | None allocated | A5 | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.072 | A5 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 1-9 | A5 concentration dependent | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List II | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Negligible risk to bystanders for proposed uses | ||
| Occupational | Acceptable risk to operators and workers for proposed uses with PPE/PPC | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | Statutory EU standard for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg/L Non-statutory WHO guideline for total copper in drinking water: 2 mg/L |
UK EA QS database, 2018 | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | 2000 | EU Dir 89/778/EC limit as Cu, A5 | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Potential heavy metal poisoning | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Prevent generation of dust Corrosive Not explosive or oxidising |
|||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H301, H332 | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
T - Toxic: R23 Xn - Harmful: R22, R41 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50-53 |
|||
| EC Safety Classification |
S26, S39, S45, S57, S60, S61, S63 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | III | - | Caution - Slightly toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
TRANSLATIONS
for copper II hydroxide
| Language | Name |
| English | copper II hydroxide |
| French | hydroxyde de cuivre |
| German | Kupferhydroxid |
| Danish | kobberhydroxid |
| Italian | idrossido di rame |
| Spanish | hidróxido de cobre |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | bakrov II hidroksid |
| Polish | wodorotlenek miedzi (II) |
| Swedish | kopparhydroxid |
| Hungarian | réz(II)-hidroxid |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Thursday 23 August 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk