| disulfoton (Ref: ENT 23347) |
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
for disulfoton
Description: An organophosphate aphicide and insecticide used to sucking insects on agricultural crops
Example pests controlled: Aphids; Thrips; Mealybugs; Spider mites; Leaf miners; Leaf hoppers; Beet flies
Example applications: Cotton; Tobacco; Sugarbeet; Cole crops; Peanuts; Corn; Wheat; Ornamentals; Cereals grains; Potatoes
Efficacy & activity: Disulfoton is an organothiophosphate insecticide and acaricide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, is moderately volatile and, based on its chemical properties it would not normally be expected to leach to groundwater. It can be persistent in some soil systems but would not normally be persistent in water bodies. It is highly toxic to mammals, a cholinesterase inhibitor, a neurotoxicant and there are some concerns regarding its carcinogenity. It is moderately or highly toxic to most fauna.
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1956
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C8H19O2PS3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCCSCC |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C8H19O2PS3/c1-4-9-11(12,10-5-2)14-8-7-13-6-3/h4-8H2,1-3H3 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Acaricide | |||
| Substance group | Organophosphate | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Systemic absorbed via roots. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |||
| CAS RN | 298-04-4 | |||
| EC number | 206-054-3 | |||
| CIPAC number | 152 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 032501 | |||
| PubChem CID | 3118 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 274.40 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] phosphorodithioate | |||
| IUPAC name | O,O-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate | |||
| CAS name | O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate | |||
| Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant; Marine Pollutant | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 1B | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Myzus persicae Phorodon humuli Rhizoglyphus robini Tetranychus kanzawai Leucoptera coffeella many others |
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| Physical state | Yellow oil | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Available in a variety of formulations includign emulsifiable concentrates, dry seed dressings and granules. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for disulfoton
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 25 | F4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | Miscible | L3 - n-Hexane | - | |
| Miscible | L3 - Dichloromethane | - | ||
| Miscible | L3 - Isopropanol | - | ||
| Miscible | L3 - Toluene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | -25 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 133 | L3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 8.91 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.95 | H4 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.14 | F4 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 7.2 | H4 | Moderately volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.60 X 10-01 | H4 | Moderately volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
0.26 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 6.29 X 10-04 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 30 | M4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 2 | M4 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 4 | P2 | Moderately fast |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 300 | P3 | Persistent |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 15 | Q3 | Fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 15 | Q3 | Slow | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 1345 | |||
| Notes and range | Other sources: 600 mL/g (DW3) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 39.5 | Q2 | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | 1.09 | |||
| Notes and range | General literature data: Kf range 15.5-24.3 mL/g, mean of 8 values for 2 loam soils. | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| disulfoton sulfoxide | Soil | 0.05 | - | |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 460 | F4 Whole fish | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.6 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | L2 Rat, 2 year | - |
| (ppm diet) | 1 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 39 | L3 Colinus virginianus | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.039 | L3 Lepomis macrochirus | High | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.22 | F3 Oncorhynchus mykiss, 35 day LOEC | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.013 | L3 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.00004 | P3 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.1 | F3 Americamysis bahia | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.036 | F2 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | 0.01 | Q1 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Honeybees (Apis spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | 0.96 | F4 Apis mellifera | High |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | 4.1 | F3 Apis mellifera | Moderate | |
| Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | > 1.0 | R3 Bombus spp. | Moderate |
| Literature values range 1.0-6.0 ug/bee | ||||
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| - | ||||
| Mason bees (Osmia spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other pollinators (1) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Other pollinators (2) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 180 | Q3 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for disulfoton
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2.6 | F4 Rat | High | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | 3.6 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.015 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.0003 | JMPR 1996 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.003 | JMPR 1996 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List I; List II | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | Rapidly absorbed through the skin | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
|
A3; B0; C0; D0; E2 | - |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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- |
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| General human health issues | No further information available | |||||||
| Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem  : No, known not to cause a problem  : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found |
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Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H300, H310 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
T+ - Very toxic: R27/28 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S1/2, S28, S36/37, S45, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | Ia | - | Extremely hazardous | |
| UN Number | 3018 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | disulfoton |
| French | disulfoton |
| German | Disulfoton |
| Danish | disulfoton |
| Italian | disulfoton |
| Spanish | disulfoton |
| Greek | disulfoton |
| Slovenian | disulfoton |
| Polish | disulfoton |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | disulfoton |
Record last updated: Tuesday 04 June 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk