The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Potential for particle bound transport: Medium
Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High
Human health Moderate alert: Mammals acute toxicity: Moderate
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
An acaricide and insecticide used to control many species of mite and other insects
Fruit including apples, citrus, currants, grapes and peaches; Vegetables including beans, cabbage, cucumber, aubergine; Cotton; Hops; Maize
Efficacy & activity
-
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1981, first reported
UK regulatory status
UK COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Expired
UK LERAP status
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
-
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
-
Listed in EU database
Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
Additional information
Also used in
USA
Chemical structure
Isomerism
A chiral molecule existing in the S- and R-forms. The commercial product is mixture of stereoisomers, the (S)-isomer primarily responsible for the bioactivity.
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
1.10 X 1006
Calculated
-
Log P
6.04
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)
1.15
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
-
-
-
-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
0.76
B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
1.82 X 1001
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Moderately volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
-
-
-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
-
-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
34
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data
Moderately persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
31
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Moderately persistent
DT₅₀ (field)
28
H4 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Non-persistent
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
-
-
-
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix
Value
5.0
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Note
Mandarin leaves, n=1
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix
Value
1.8
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data
-
Note
Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.9-4.1 days, 4 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=4
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
14
B3 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source
Slow
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
1130
B4 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 4 = Verified data
Very persistent
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
28
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data
Fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
1
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data
Moderately fast
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd
-
H3 H = The US ARS pesticide properties database (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source
Non-mobile
Koc
5000
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf
283.5
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source
Non-mobile
Kfoc
35660
1/n
-
Notes and range
Kf range 184-486 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 22105-51158 mL g⁻¹, 1/n - no data, Soils=4
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
-0.80
Calculated
Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
5.35 X 10-03
Calculated
-
Note
Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Environmental fate
Ecotoxicity
