Bixlozone (Ref: F9600)

Bixlozone (Ref: F9600)	Last updated: 02/06/2023
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Bixlozone is a herbicide used to control problematic grasses and broadleaved weeds in a wide range of crops. It is slightly soluble in water and is not highly volatile. Depending on local cobditions it can be moderately persistent in soils. It is hydrolytically stable. It is moderately toxic to birds. Bixlozone has a low oral mammalian toxicity.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: Moderate; Possible Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide used to control problematic annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Ryegrass; Blackgrass; Broadleaved weeds

Example applications

Cereals including winter wheat, winter barley, maize; Legumes; Oilseed rape; Rice, Sugarcane

Efficacy & activity

Efficacy supported by field trials

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2021, Australia first launched

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Pending

Date COPR inclusion expires

Not applicable

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Pending

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₁₃Cl₂NO₂

Canonical SMILES

CC1(CON(C1=O)CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

FHUKASKVKWSLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H13Cl2NO2/c1-12(2)7-17-15(11(12)16)6-8-3-4-9(13)5-10(8)14/h3-5H,6-7H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Isoxazolidinone herbicide; Oxazole herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

960 g/Kg

Known relevant impurities

EU draft 2022 dossier: none declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Both systemic and contact activity. Blocks carotenoid biosynthesis in susceptible plants. Uptake is predominantly via roots and young shoots

CAS RN

81777-95-9

EC number

No data found

CIPAC number

None allocated

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

274.14

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one

IUPAC name

2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-one

CAS name

2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White crystalline solid when pure

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

FMC Australasia

Example products using this active

Overwatch
Isoflex

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as a suspension concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

39.6

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

250000

Acetone

120000

Methanol

250000

Ethy acetate

250000

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

81.5

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

188

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.00 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.3

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.37

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

None

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.1 X 10^-06

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

7.2 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No significant absorption at or above 290 nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

66.5

at 20°C 99.8%

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

133.5

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

133.5

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

98.9

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

553.6

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

499

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

76.6

Note

EU 2022 Dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 52.5-330 days, Soils=7; DT₉₀ (measured) range 213 - <1000 days, Soils=7. Field data averaged incorporated & not incorporated data for bare soil. DT₅₀ (measured) range 11.1-244.5 days, DT₉₀ (measured) range 9.0-499 days, Soils=12

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at all relevant pH's

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

1.33

Moderately mobile

K_foc

81.3

¹/_n

0.925

Notes and range

EU 2022 dossier K_f range 1.62-8.34 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 315.1-541.4 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.825-0.899, Soils=8

pH sensitivity

None

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

4.17

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.56 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

77.9

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

Major fraction

0.694

N-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide

Major fraction

0.148

2,4 dichlorobenzyl aldehyde

Minor fraction

2,4 dichlorobenzyl alcohol

Minor fraction

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹)

2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

Relevant

0.29

0.017

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid

Plant; Straw

2,4 dichlorobenzyl aldehyde

Sediment

2,4 dichlorobenzyl alcohol

Surface water; Sediment

3-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino)-2,2-3-oxopropanoic acid

Surface water; Sediment; Plant; Animal; Rat (Faeces, Urine)

N-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide

Surface water; Sediment; Plant; Animal, Rat (Faeces)

2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

Surface water; Sediment; Plant; Animal; Rat (Faeces)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

75.0

Rat (2-gen tox test)

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 749

Taeniopygia guttata

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

69.6

Anas platyrhynchos

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

607

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect at 0.54 mg a.s./kg soil dw

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

62.5

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 489

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

667

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

99.8

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

9.8

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.38

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

13.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.14

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.9

Chironomus riparius 48 hr

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

49.0

Chironomus riparius

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

8.6

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

7.3

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.92

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.11

Rat 4hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.29

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.75

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.53

Rat SF=143

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.20

Rat SF=143

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2-24%

concentration dependant

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk for proposed uses

Occupational

Low risk for proposed uses

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Excreted primarily in the urine rapidly and extensively

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Possible liver and kidney toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not highly flammable; Not expected to autoignite below 382 degC
Not oxidising or explosive

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

bixlozone

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	02/06/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242