Bixlozone

Bixlozone	Last updated: 07/03/2022
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Bixlozone is a herbicide used to control problematic grasses and broadleaved weeds in a wide range of crops. It is slightly soluble in water and is not highly volatile. Depending on local cobditions it can be moderately persistent in soils. It is hydrolytically stable. It is moderately toxic to birds. Bixlozone has a low oral mammalian toxicity.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Low alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A herbicide used to control problematic grasses and broad-leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Ryegrass; Blackgrass; Broadleaved weeds

Example applications

Cereals; Maize; Legumes; Oilseed rape; Rice, Sugarcane

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2021, Australia first launched

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Pending

Date COPR inclusion expires

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Pending

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₁₃Cl₂NO₂

Canonical SMILES

CC1(CON(C1=O)CC2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl)C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

FHUKASKVKWSLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H13Cl2NO2/c1-12(2)7-17-15(11(12)16)6-8-3-4-9(13)5-10(8)14/h3-5H,6-7H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Isoxazolidinone herbicide; Oxazole herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Both systemic and contact activity. Blocks carotenoid biosynthesis in susceptible plants. Uptake is predominantly via roots and young shoots

CAS RN

81777-95-9

EC number

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

Molecular mass

274.14

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one

IUPAC name

2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-one

CAS name

2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White crystalline solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

FMC Australasia

Example products using this active

Overwatch
Isoflex

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as a suspension concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

39.6

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

250000

Acetone

120000

Methanol

250000

Ethy acetate

250000

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

81.5

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.00 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.3

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.37

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

2.3 X 10^-06

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

7.2 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

66.5

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

153

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

153

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Not incorporated

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Australian 2019 dossier: Lab studies DT₅₀ range 64-330 days, Soils=7; Field studies (not incorporated) DT₅₀ range 46 to 267 days, Soils=7, Incorporated DT₅₀ = 31 to 446 days, Soils=7

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at all relevant pH's

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

4.85

Moderately mobile

K_foc

400

¹/_n

0.84

Notes and range

Australian 2019 dossier K_f range 1.6-8.3 mL g⁻¹; K_foc range 334-465 mL g⁻¹

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.75

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.30 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

F9600-3-OH-propanamide

Soil

0.150

2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

Soil

0.006

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 887

Taeniopygia guttata

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

607

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

9.8

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.38

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.3

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk for proposed uses

Occupational

Low risk for proposed uses

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Excreted primarily in the urine

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

No information available

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not highly flammable; Not expected to autoignite
Not oxidising or explosive

CLP classification 2013

WHO Classification

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

bixlozone

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Record last updated:	07/03/2022
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242