Flufenacet (Ref: FOE 5043)

Flufenacet (Ref: FOE 5043)	Last updated: 18/12/2024
(Also known as: fluthiamide; fluofenacet ; thiafluamide)

SUMMARY

Flufenacet is a selective herbicide. It is moderately soluble in water, is not highly volatile but may, under certain conditions, be persistent in soil and water/sediment systems. It is moderately toxic to humans via the oral route and is considered to be a skin sensitiser. With the exception of honeybees where the toxicity is low, flufenacet is either moderately or highly toxic to most fauna and flora.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; GUS: Transition state; Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Endocrine disrupter

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A broad spectrum soil herbicide, often used in conjunction with other herbicides, used, post-emergence, to control grasses and some broad-leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Certain annual grasses including black-grass, Broad-leaved weeds including velvet leaf, morning glory and common cocklebur

Example applications

Corn; Soybeans; Winter wheat; Winter barley; Winter rye; Potatoes; Sunflowers; Asparagus; Cotton; Chilli; Tobacco

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy suuported by data derived from field experiments and extensive global use.

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1998, registered USA; 2004, registered EU

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/10/2027

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Poland/France

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

15/06/2025

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Yes - two 'Persistent-Bioaccumulative-Toxic' criteria

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Philippines, US, Canada, Chile, Kenya, China, Israel, Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₄H₁₃F₄N₃O₂S

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)F)C(=O)COC2=NN=C(S2)C(F)(F)F

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

IANUJLZYFUDJIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C14H13F4N3O2S/c1-8(2)21(10-5-3-9(15)4-6-10)11(22)7-23-13-20-19-12(24-13)14(16,17)18/h3-6,8H,7H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Anilide herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

970 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU 2024 dossier - toluene <= 1g kg⁻¹

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective with meristematic activity. Inhibition of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA, inhibition of cell division)

CAS RN

142459-58-3

EC number

604-290-5

CIPAC number

588

US EPA chemical code

121903

PubChem CID

86429

CLP index number

613-164-00-9

Molecular mass

363.34

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(propan-2-yl)-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy}acetamide

IUPAC name

4'-fluoro-N-isopropyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yloxy]acetanilide

CAS name

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy]acetamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White to pale tan coloured, odourless solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Bayer CropScience
BASF
Standon

Example products using this active

Artist
Cadu Star
Firebird
Shooter
Regatta
Axiom
Herold SC
Fosbury

Formulation and application details

Usually supplied as a suspension concentrate and used as a foliar spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

280000

Acetone

200000

Toluene

8700

Hexane

170000

Propanol

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

150

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.16 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.5

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.45

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.09

as flufenacet-N-isomer

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.3 X 10^-03

as flufenacet-N-isomer

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

24 hr

From soil surface

16.5

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

pH 2: 201nm=18131, 235nm=7307
pH 7: 235nm=7106
pH 10: 235nm=7161

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

59.4

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

12.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

12.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

35.7

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

53.9

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

122.3

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

68.1

worse case not normalised.

Note

EU 2024 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 5.91-37.4 days, DT₉₀ (measured) range 20.9-191.42 days, Soils=21; Field data DT₅₀ (measured) range 14.2-68.1 days, DT₉₀ (measured) range 53.4-226 days, Soils=16

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Not a significant degradation route

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

49.6

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

29.35

Slow

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

61.5

Stable

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

Moderately mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

401

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

4.19

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

221.25

¹/_n

0.92

Notes and range

EU 2024 dossier K_f range 1.48-10.61 mL g⁻¹, kfoc range 161.6-643.5 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.878-0.980, Soils=15

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.57

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.59 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.7

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

71.4

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

flufenacet sulfonic acid (Ref: AE 0841914)

Major fraction

0.263

Bayer verified

flufenacet oxalate (Ref: AE 0841913)

Major fraction

0.265

CAS 201668-31-7; Bayer verified

trifluoroacetic acid

Major fraction

0.815

flufenacet methylsulfone

Minor fraction

0.076

flufenacet thiadone

Minor fraction

0.058

flufenacet trifluoroethanesulfonic acid

Minor fraction

0.060

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

flufenacet sulfonic acid (Ref: AE 0841914)

Not relevant

0.004

flufenacet oxalate (Ref: AE 0841913)

Not relevant

0.004

flufenacet trifluoroethanesulfonic acid

Unknown

flufenacet methylsulfone

Not relevant

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

N-acetyl-3-({2-[(4- fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfinyl)alanine

FOE S-oxo cysteine

Rat

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropylacetamide

FOE amine acetate

Animal; Plant

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2- (methylsulfinyl)acetamide

FOE des-i-propyl methylsulfoxide

Rat

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2- (methylsulfonyl)acetamide

FOE des-i-propyl methylsulfone

Animal

fluoro-hydroxy-des-i-propyl methylsulfone

Rat

N-acetyl-S-(2-fluoro-5-{[(methylsulfonyl)acetyl]amino}phenyl)cysteine

hydroxy-des-i-propyl methylsulfone

Rat

hydroxy-des-i-propyl methylsulfone-glutaminic acid

Rat

2,2'-disulfanediylbis[N-(4-fluorophenyl)-Nisopropylacetamide]

FOE disulfide

Rat

N-acetyl-S-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}cysteine

FOE acetyl cysteine

Animal

N-acetyl-S-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}cysteine

FOE des-i-propyl cysteine

Rat

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

hydroxy-des-i-propyl amine acetate

Rat

2-amino-5-fluorophenol

2-A-5-FP

Rat

gamma-glutamyl-S-{2-[(4- fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}cysteinylglycine

FOE glutathione

Rat; Animal

S-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}cysteine

FOE cysteine

Rat; Animal; Plant

5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl hexopyranosiduronic acid

thiadone glucuronide

Rat; Animal

3-hexopyranosyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3- dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one

ThN glucoside

Plant

2,4-dioxo-4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy}butanoic acid

Th oxalyl acetic acid

Rat

({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl)acetic acid (Ref: AE 0841915)

FOE thioglycolate sulfoxide

Plant; Water

N-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide

DIFAAC: BCS-AA22989

Hen

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)- 2-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide

HOIFAMSO2

Rat; Hen

N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-hydroxypropan-2- yl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)acetamide

LMeOH-3

Hen

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-acetamide

Des-isopropyl-FOE alcohol

Rat

4-fluoro-N-isopropylaniline

4-Fluoro-N-(1- methylethyl)benzamine

Rat

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfinyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid

FOE sulfinyl lactic acid

Plant

N-(carboxyacetyl)-3-[2-oxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-

Th-malonylalanyl conjugate

Soybean

[(4-fluorophenyl)amino](oxo)acetic acid

FOE des-isopropyl oxalate

Plant

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)acetamide (Ref: BCS-CP38571)

FOE methylsulfide

Water; Animal; Corn

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)acetamide

FOE methylsulfoxide

Water; Plant; Rat

[(4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)amino](oxo)acetic acid

FOE 3-OH-des-isopropyl oxalate

Plant

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl)-2-(hexopyranosyloxy)propanoic acid

FOE sulfinyl lactic acid glucoside

Plant

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfinyl)-2- (hexopyranosyloxy)propanoic acid

FOE sulfonyl lactic acid

Plant

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfinyl)alanine

FOE cysteine sulfoxide

Fish; Plant

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid

FOE sulfanyl lactic acid

Plant

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-2- (hexopyranosyloxy)propanoic acid

FOE sulfanyl lactic acid glucoside

Plant

N-(carboxyacetyl)-S-{2-[(4- fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}cysteine

FOE malonylcysteine conjugate FAM-MalCys IUPAC: N-(carboxyacetyl)-S-{2-[(4- fluorophenyl)(isopropyl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}cysteine

Corn

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2- sulfanylacetamide

FOE free sulfide

Animal; Corn

trifluoroacetic acid

Rat; Plant

4-fluoro-N-methylethylaniline thiodiacetic acid amide

FOE thioglycolate sulfide

Water

3-({2-[(4-fluorophenyl)(1-hydroxypropan-2- yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfinyl)alanine

isopropyl hydroxy cysteine

Fish

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide (Ref: BCS-CO62475)

FOE methylsulfone

Rat; Plant; Water

2-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-isopropylacetamide (Ref: BCS-AA70824)

FOE chloroacetanilide

Rat; Plant

5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ol (Ref: BCS-AA41715)

FOE-thiadone

Rat; Plant; Water

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

598

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

1.67

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

97.5

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

37.4

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1608

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 4970 ppm

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

9.4

Anas platyrhynchos NOEL

High

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

219

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

> 10.0

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.83 & 4.13 mg kg⁻¹ soil

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

13.5

Folsomia candida corr

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 109.2

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LC₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

> 4.42

Apis mellifera

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

280

Aphidius rhopalosiphi Adult

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

441

Typhlodromus pyri Protonymph

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.13

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.2

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

11.28

Danio rerio EC₅₀ Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

30.9

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

3.26

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.78

Americamysis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.002

Lemna gibba

High

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.00204

Raphidocelis subcapitata 72 hour

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

598

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.74

Rat (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.004

Rat SF=300

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.017

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.017

Rat SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.006

Rat 90 day SF=300

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.2-5.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Minimal risk from dietary exposure
Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Extensively metabolised and mainly excreted via the urine (up to 89%)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Potential liver, kidney, spleen and thyroid toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H317, H373
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

flufenacet

French

flufenacet

German

Flufenacet

Danish

flufenacet

Italian

flufenacet

Spanish

flufenacet

Greek

flufenacet

Polish

flufenacet

Swedish

flufenacet

Hungarian

flufenacet

Dutch

flufenacet

Norwegian

Record last updated:	18/12/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242