Metarylpicoxamid (Ref: XDE-747)	Last updated: 12/11/2025
(Also known as: X 12690747; XR 747)

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SUMMARY

Hazard alerts

The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.

PHT: Environmental fate	PHT: Ecotoxicity	PHT: Human health	Highly Hazardous Pesticide
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health Low alert	Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP) Type II alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	A novel broad-spectrum, protective, third generation picolinamide fungicide
Example pests controlled	Alternaria diseases; Grey mold (Botrytis spp); Molds (Phytophthora spp.); Leaf spots (Pseudoperonospora spps.); Damping off and rots (Pythium) spp.
Example applications	Cereals; Soybean
Efficacy & activity	-

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Not applicable
GB LERAP status	No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	No applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	No
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries	ISIceland NONorway

Additional information

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	Metarylpicoxamid isomerism is primarily optical, due to the presence of multiple chiral centres in its molecular structure.
Chemical formula	C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₆
Canonical SMILES	COC1=C(C(=NC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C)[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)OC(CC)=O
Isomeric SMILES	-
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	CAUHWGTUUBORAX-IKGGRYGDSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C24H30N2O6/c1-7-20(27)32-22-19(30-6)12-13-25-21(22)23(28)26-16(4)24(29)31-17(5)15(3)18-11-9-8-10-14(18)2/h8-13,15-17H,7H2,1-6H3,(H,26,28)/t15-,16+,17+/m1/s1
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type		Fungicide
Substance groups		Picolinamide fungicide
Minimum active substance purity		-
Known relevant impurities		-
Substance origin		Synthetic
Mode of action		Complex III or MET III electron transport inhibition, QiI (quinone inside Inhibition)
CAS RN		2376210-14-7
EC number		No data found
CIPAC number		None allocated
US EPA chemical code		-
PubChem CID		139473168
CLP index number		No data found
Molecular mass		442.51
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)		(2S,3S)-3-(o-tolyl)butan-2-yl N-{[4-methoxy-3-(propanoyloxy)-2-pyridyl]carbonyl}-L-alaninate
IUPAC name		(2S,3S)-3-(o-tolyl)butan-2-yl N-{[4-methoxy-3-(propanoyloxy)-2-pyridyl]carbonyl}-L-alaninate
CAS name		(1S,2S)-1-methyl-2-(2-methylphenyl)propyl N-[[4-methoxy-3-(1-oxopropoxy)-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-L-alaninate
Global Governance status: Listed (✓) under		UK Poisons List Order 1972 Rotterdam Convention Montreal Protocol XNo The Poisons List Order 1972 XNo Rotterdam Convention XNo Montreal Protocol Stockholm Convention OSPAR EU Water Framework Directive XNo Stockholm Convention XNo OSPAR XNo EU Water Framework Directive
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards		-
Forever chemical		-
Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)	Type I	-
	Type II	Yes [ R09 Rule 9: Pesticide active ingredients that have demonstrated a high aquatic toxicity (where acute ecotoxicity for fish, invertebrates or algae =< 0.1 mg l⁻¹) ]
Other status information		-
Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)		Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)		Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)		Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)		21
Examples of recorded resistance		-
Physical state		White to light beige coloured, odourless solid

Commercial

Property	Value
Availability status	Novel
Introduction & key dates	2019, discovered; 2021, introduced; 2025, registration started Australia
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Corteva Agriscience
Example products using this active	Vicroya Ora
Formulation and application details	Fomulated as an emulsifiable concentrate used asa foliar spray
Commercial production	Metarylpicoxamid is produced commercially through a scalable total chemical synthesis inspired by the natural product UK-2A. This non-macrocyclic structure, featuring fewer stereogenic centers than its predecessors like fenpicoxamid, facilitates efficient large-scale manufacturing by simplifying stereoselective steps, such as the tosylation of meso-2,3-butanediol to form a tosylate intermediate, followed by conversion to (2S,3S)-2,3-epoxybutane for amine moiety assembly, and subsequent coupling with a picolinic acid derivative.
Impact on climate of production and use	Metarylpicoxamid lacks published life cycle assessment data, however, based on available data for similar complex organic fungicides manufacturing emissions are estimated at 15–25 kg CO₂-e per kg of active compound. This range accounts for energy-intensive stereoselective synthesis steps (e.g., epoxide formation and coupling), raw material extraction and solvent use.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)		3.6	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		250000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Acetone	-
		250000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Ethyl acetate	-
		250000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Xylene	-
		195000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Methanol	-
Melting point (°C)		89.5	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Boiling point (°C)		256	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	7.94 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.9	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	High
Fat solubility of residues	Solubility	-	-	-
	Data type	-	-	-
Density (g ml⁻¹)		0.65	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		2.05	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
		pKa(II) = 10.5
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		4.0 X 10-04	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		-	-	-
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost	From plant surface	-	-	-
	From soil surface	-	-	-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		Neutral soln: 271nm=2620 Acid soln: 243nm=8360; 264nm=6030 Basic soln: 272nm=3390; 340nm=11500	A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		59.0	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes at 20 °C 2.4 mg l⁻¹ water	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	0.35	P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	0.35	P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Rapid degradation via photolysis DT₅₀ 8.4 hrs.
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	42.0	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Moderately persistent
	Note	DT₅₀ 0.93 days at pH9, 68.0 days at pH 4
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Air degradation		As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀		-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd (mL g⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Koc (mL g⁻¹)	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf (mL g⁻¹)	15.7	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Moderately mobile
	Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)	290
	1/n	0.9
	Notes and range	Australia 2025 dossier: Kf range 4.2-23.0 L/kg, Kfoc range 84.0-499 L/kg, 1/n=0.9, Soils=7
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		-0.70	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	7.08 X 10-05	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Moderately mobile	Calculated	-
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk		10.5	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr. EU trigger for long-range transport is DT₅₀ in air <2 days.	Below the level of concern for long-range air transport
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	97	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low potential
	CT₅₀ (days)	ND		-

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite	Major/Minor fraction	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Notes
Ref: X12644507	Major fraction	0.834	-
Ref: X12485473	Major fraction	0.145	-
Ref: X696476	Major fraction	0.314	-
Ref: X12797571	Minor fraction	-	-
Ref: X12781133	Minor fraction	-	-
Ref: X12673457	Minor fraction	-	-
Ref: X12648727	Minor fraction	-	-

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction
Ref: X12644507	-	Plants; Animal; Surface water; Sediment	-
Ref: X12648727	-	Plants; Surface water; Sediment	-
Ref: X12774135	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12777891	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12771309	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12851221	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12485473	-	Animal; Surface water	-
Ref: X12827475	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12797595	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12781133	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12801717	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12728263	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12734587	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12764267	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12728845	-	Plants	-
Ref: X12826475	-	Animal	-
Ref: XDE-747-MW-418	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12777919	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12771593	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12764795	-	Animal	-
Ref: X12745065	-	Animal	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 609	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		> 1330	P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data Colinus virginians as LDD₅₀	Low
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)		> 500	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Eisenia foetida corr	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)		-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		Soil mineralisation: No observed effects	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 0.82 mg/Soil Dw	-
Collembola	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Non-target plants	Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)	> 120	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes 10 plants tested	-
	Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)	> 120	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes 9 plants tested	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 200	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Apis mellifera	Low
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 55.0	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Apis mellifera	Moderate
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic	-	-	-
	Notes	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other bee species (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other bee species (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)		-	-	-
Beneficial insects (Lacewings) ER₅₀, Extended lab study		> 138	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Chrysoperla carnea	-
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) ER₅₀ Mortality, Glass plate		17.3	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Aphidius rhopalosphi	-
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) LR₅₀ Mortality, Glass plate		414	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Typhlodromus pyri	Low
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) ER₅₀, Extended lab study		> 138	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Aleochara bilineata	-

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.0055	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Pimephales promelas	High
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.011	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Americamysis bahia	High
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		6.7	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Chironomus riparius	Moderate
Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹) (ErC₅₀)		> 0.37	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Lemna gibba	Moderate
Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (ErC₅₀)		1.7	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Skeletonema costatum	Moderate
Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
Marine bivalves		-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2000	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		-	-	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.4	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat SF=100	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		None allocated	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		0.68	P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Low risk of exposure for bystanders
	Occupational	Low to moderate risk for operators and other farm workers
MRLs	European	EU MRL pesticide database
	Great Britain	GB MRL Register
	Notes	-
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate		Eliminated via bile 45-78% within 48 hrs	P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues (hazard-based)		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ?Possibly, status not identified ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ?Possibly, status not identified No data found
General human health issues		No information available

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Not explosive or oxidising Not highly flammable; Not expected to auto-ignite
CLP classification 2013	Environment: H400, H411
WHO Classification	Not listed (Not listed)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-
Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity	Stable under cool, dry conditions for around 2 yrs

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	metarylpicoxamid
French	métarylpicoxamide
German	-
Danish	-
Italian	-
Spanish	-
Greek	-
Polish	-
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-
Norwegian	-

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Record last updated:	12/11/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242