| halofenozide (Ref: RH 0345) |
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SUMMARY
Halofenozide is a soil insecticide without EU regulatory approval for use. It has a low aqueous solubility and, based on its chemical properties, it may have a tendency to leach to groundwater. It can be persistent in soil systems and, under certain conditions, may also persist in aquatic systems. Whilst it has a relatively low mammalian toxicity there is some concern regarding its potential to bioaccumulate. It is moderately toxic to many aquatic species, honey bees and earthworms but is only slightly toxic to birds. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for halofenozide
Description: A insecticide for the larval stage control of insects on grass
Example pests controlled: White grub larvae including those from Japanese beetles, Northern and Northern masked chafers, Oriental beetles, Lepidoptera karvae including cutworms, sod wetworms and armyworms
Example applications: Lawns; Golf courses; Turf
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Obsolete
Introduction & key dates: 1997
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Not applicable |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
| Listed in EU database | No |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C18H19ClN2O2 |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C)(C)N(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | CNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C18H19ClN2O2/c1-18(2,3)21(17(23)14-7-5-4-6-8-14)20-16(22)13-9-11-15(19)12-10-13/h4-12H,1-3H3,(H,20,22) |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Insect growth regulator | |||
| Substance group | Unclassified | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Systemic with stomach action. Disrupts the hormonal systems that control insect growth and moulting. Ecdysone agonist /disruptor. | |||
| CAS RN | 112226-61-6 | |||
| EC number | 431-600-4 | |||
| CIPAC number | None allocated | |||
| US EPA chemical code | - | |||
| PubChem CID | 114994 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 330.81 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |||
| IUPAC name | N-tert-butyl-N'-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzohydrazide | |||
| CAS name | 4-chlorobenzoic acid 2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 18A | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | None recorded | |||
| Physical state | White crystalline solid with mild amino odour | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | - | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for halofenozide
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 12.3 | J4 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 31000 | L3 - Isopropanol | - | |
| 154000 | L3 - Cyclohexanone | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 200 | L3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 2.19 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.34 | K3 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 0.46 | F2 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | - | - | - | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | - | - | - | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
3.75 | Calculated | High leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 9.48 X 10-01 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 219 | J4 | Persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 220 | F4 | Persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | DT50 219 days aerobic, 60.0 days anaerobic; Other sources: 129 days (DW4); 68 (silt loam) to 818 (sand loam) (F4) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 52 | R3 | - |
| Note | Published literature RL50 range 5.0-100 days, grass, n=2 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 10 | L3 | Moderately fast |
| Note | Value for pond water | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | L3 | - |
| Note | pH variable: DT50 310 days at pH 5, 481 days at pH 7, 226 days at pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | A4 | Moderately mobile |
| Koc | 250 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier 1031 mL/g (US3, DW3), 224-279 mL/g (L3); 149-360 mL/g (F4) | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for halofenozide
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 100 | E3 Worst case data | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2850 | F3 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 2250 | F5 Colinus virginianus | Low | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 8.6 | F5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 3.2 | F5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 2.9 | F3 Americamysis bahia | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | > 0.63 | F5 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | F5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 980 | E3 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for halofenozide
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 2850 | F3 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 2.7 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | May cause methemoglobinemia Possible blood, liver and CNS toxicant |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Not classified: Obsolete | |||
| EC Safety Classification |
Not classified: Obsolete | |||
| WHO Classification | III | - | Slightly hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | III | - | Caution - Slightly toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | halofenozide |
| French | halofenozide |
| German | Halofenozid |
| Danish | halofenozid |
| Italian | halofenozide |
| Spanish | halofenozide |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | halofenozid |
| Polish | halofenozyd |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Friday 25 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk