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Reaction mass of CMIT and MIT
Last updated: 01/10/2026
(Also known as: CMIT and MIT; CMIT.MIT; MCIT/MIT; CIT/MIT; Kathon)
SUMMARY
Hazard alerts

The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.

PHT: Environmental fate PHT: Ecotoxicity PHT: Human health Highly Hazardous Pesticide
Environmental fate
High alert:
Drainflow: Very mobile
Ecotoxicity
High alert:
Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High
Human health
High alert:
Mammals acute toxicity: High; Reproduction/development effects
Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)
Type II alert
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A 3:1 reaction mass of isothiazolinone-derived biocides that is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used as a preservative in pesticide formulations.
GB regulatory status
GB Retained EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not applicable - not a ppp. May be authorised at national level under different legislation
Date GB regulatory inclusion expires
Not applicable
GB LERAP status
Not applicable
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not applicable - not a ppp. May be authorised at national level under different legislation
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
Not applicable
Listed in EU database
Not applicable
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
                 
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
                 
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
                 
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries
ISIceland
NONorway
                 
Additional information
Also used in
Global distribution
Chemical structure
Isomerism
A mixture of two distinct isothiazolinone isomers
Chemical formula
C₄H₅NOS.C₄H₄ClNOS
Canonical SMILES
CN1C(=O)C=CS1.CN1C(=O)C=C(S1)Cl
Isomeric SMILES
-
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)
QYYMDNHUJFIDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
InChI=1S/C4H4ClNOS.C4H5NOS/c1-6-4(7)2-3(5)8-6;1-5-4(6)2-3-7-5/h2H,1H3;2-3H,1H3
2D structure diagram/image available?
Yes
General status
Pesticide type
Other substance
Other bioactivity & uses
Biocide; Antimicrobial; Preservative; Additive
Substance groups
Isothiazolinone mixture
Minimum active substance purity
-
Known relevant impurities
-
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
Acts as a broad-spectrum, non-oxidising preservative via a two-step mechanism that targets cellular proteins. It utilises an electrophilic nitrogen-sulphur (N–S) bond to permanently disrupt thiol-containing enzymes in bacteria, fungi, and algae.
CAS RN
55965-84-9
EC number
911-418-6
CIPAC number
-
US EPA chemical code
107103
PubChem CID
41679
Molecular mass (Da)
264.76
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
5-chloro-2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one;2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
IUPAC name
reaction mass of 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (3:1)
CAS name
-
Global Governance status: Listed (✓) under
UK Poisons List Order 1972 Rotterdam Convention Montreal Protocol
XNo
The Poisons List Order 1972
XNo
Rotterdam Convention
XNo
Montreal Protocol
Stockholm Convention OSPAR EU Water Framework Directive
XNo
Stockholm Convention
XNo
OSPAR
XNo
EU Water Framework Directive
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Forever chemical
-
Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)
Type I
-
Type II
Yes [
R01 Rule 1: Pesticide active ingredients that meet the criteria of classes Ia or Ib of the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard; or those with a CLP classification of H330; or where Mammals acute oral LD₅₀ <= 50 mg kg⁻¹
;
R09 Rule 9: Pesticide active ingredients that have demonstrated a high aquatic toxicity (where acute ecotoxicity for fish, invertebrates or algae =< 0.1 mg l⁻¹)
]
Other status information
Approved in UK/EU under biocide and REACH regulations
Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)
Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)
Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
Clear to pale yellow liquid as commercially supplied
Commercial
Property
Value
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1964, MIT first synthesised; 1971, MIT synthesised wth CMIT as a side product.
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
  • Lanxess
Example products using this active
 
Selected: Kathon CG (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Kathon CG/ICP (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Kathon WT (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Proclin 300 (Open in PFC)
 
Example products using this substance as a possible coformulant
 
Selected: Adjeva SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Alternator Met (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Aspect (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Aspect XL (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Atsima (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Attenzo Flex (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Avelyo (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Bacara Duo (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Batavia (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Baytan T Flowable Seed Dressing (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Belanty (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Belt 480 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Bengala (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Bulldock Beta 125 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Cadou Met (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Carmina 640 (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Carpovirusine EVO2 (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Celtic (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Challenge Plus (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Chrome (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Chronicle (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Claymore (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Coliseum (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Confidor (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Coragen (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Coragen (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Cougar SC 500 (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Crespa (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Decis Mega 50 EW (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Decis Protech (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Delta Forte (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Deltanox 25 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Emesto Silver (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Facet XL (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Fantom 069 EW (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Firebird (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Flexity (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Fosburi Super (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Gaucho 600 Red Flowable Seed Treatment (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Giddo (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Globaztar SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Herold (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Hilago (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Inecor (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Jamaica (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Kanemite 150 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Komplet 560 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Kontos (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Latitude XL (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Luna Prime (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Luna Privilege (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Luna Sensation (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Luna Xtend (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Luxiris (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Magic Tandom (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Mateno Duo (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Mateno Star (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Matrix 5.0 EW (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Nativo 300 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Naxy Pro (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Nocoron (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Oberon Speed (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Octavian Met (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Optera Pro (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Orient (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Parade (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Pearl Protech (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: PicoMax (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Picona (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Picopro (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Picostomp (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Pontos (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Prev-Gold (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Prev-Gold Garden (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Prosper 300 CS (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Puma Uniwersal (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Quirinus (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Ranman Top (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Raxil Star (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Raxil T Flowable Seed Dressing (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Redigo FS 100 (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Redigo m (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Redigo Pro (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Revytur (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Sabre XL (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Saflix SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Scenic Gold 350 FS (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Sharpen (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Shenzi 200 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Split Protech (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Stomp 400 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Sultan Complet (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Suprova (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Swift SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Tega 500 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Teldor 500 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Top Gun (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Torres (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Twist 50 WG (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Twist 500 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Vagego 200 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Vayo (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Velary (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Velum Prime 400 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Verimark 20 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Vesticor 20 SC (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Zephyr (Open in PFC)
   
Selected: Zidua SC (Open in PFC)
 
Formulation and application details
Due to its instabilty and corrosive nature it is sold almost exclusively as a stabilised aqueous (water-based) stock solution
Commercial production
The commercial production of the reaction mass of CMIT and MIT is a multi-step organic synthesis that begins by reacting methyl acrylate with sodium polysulfide and methylamine to yield the linear precursor, N,N-dimethyl-3,3'-dithiodipropionamide. This intermediate undergoes oxidative cyclisation in an organic solvent using a halogenating oxidant like chlorine gas, which simultaneously splits the disulphide bond, forms the heterocyclic isothiazolinone rings, and chlorinates the structure. Industrial parameters are strictly controlled to natively yield the market standard 3:1 ratio of CMIT to MIT, after which the mixture is diluted with water and stabilised using inorganic salts like magnesium nitrate to prevent degradation.
Impact on climate of production and use
The commercial production of the reaction mass of CMIT and MIT impacts climate change primarily through upstream fossil fuel extraction, energy-intensive chemical synthesis, and waste treatment processing. While it does not release massive volumes of direct greenhouse gases like a heavy primary industry, its carbon footprint is tied tightly to the broader infrastructure of the chlorine and petrochemical sectors.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)
536700
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
300000
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Methanol estimated across 2 substances		 -
300000
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Ethyl acetate estimated across 2 substances		 -
Melting point (°C)
- - -
Boiling point (°C)
189
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Degradation point (°C)
- - -
Flashpoint (°C)
118
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
(closed cup)		 -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
- - -
Log P
- - -
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
Insoluble
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Data type
Research study
R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.03
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
- - -
-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
- - -
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
- - -
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
- - -
From soil surface
- - -
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
- - -
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
- - -
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
Biodegradable at modest concentrations >60 % in 28 days. At high concentrations CMIT can inhibit the microorganisms that cause its degradation.
Soil degradation (days) (12 DegC regulatory assessments)
DT₅₀ (typical)
1.0
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
 Non-persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
1.0
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
 Non-persistent
DT₅₀ (field)
- - -
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₉₀ (field)
- - -
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
- - -
Note
Data extrapolated from MIT and CMIT data.
Soil mineralisation
Aerobic (at 20 °C)
- - -
Anaerobic (at 20 °C)
- -
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
- - -
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
- - -
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
-
A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Very mobile
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
7.5
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
- - -
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
0.00 Calculated Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
1.54 X 10-03 Calculated -
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Low Calculated -
Potential for loss via drain flow
Very mobile Calculated -
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk
- - -
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
3.6
R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications
4 = Verified data
 Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
- -
Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
53
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 High
Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
> 17.2
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Moderate
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
62.7
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus		 High
Birds - Short term dietary LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
717
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Colinus virginianus		 -
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)
- - -
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)
- - -
Soil micro-organisms
- - -
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Non-target plants
Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)
- - -
Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)
- - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
3.9
F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data
Apis mellifera		 Moderate
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic
- - -
Notes
-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Other bee species (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Other bee species (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Butterflies)
Contact
- - -
Notes
-
Oral
- - -
Notes
-
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 0.19
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Oncorhynchus mykiss		 Moderate
Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
0.098
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Oncorhynchus mykiss		 Moderate
Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 0.1
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Daphnia magna		 Moderate
Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
0.004
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Daphnia magna		 High
Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (72 hr ErC₅₀)
0.0048
F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
4 = Verified data
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata		 High
Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (F4 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)
0.0012 - Moderate
Mesocosm study data
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
Marine bivalves
- - -
Regulatory Threshold Levels (RTLs)

Note: These RTLs have been calculated using the regulatory approach used in the European Union and based on ecotoxocity values in the PPDB.

Species group
RTL
Notes
Mammals
3.44 Worst case of acute and chronic mammals
Birds
6.27 Worst case of acute and chronic birds
Soil organisms
No data No data for acute and chronic earthworms
Terrestrial plants
No data No data for non-target plants vegetative vigour and seedling emergence
Pollinators
0.078 Worst case of contact and oral honeybees
Arthropods
No data No data for parasitic wasps and predatory mites
Fish
0.0019 Worst case of temperate acute and chronic fish
Aquatic invertebrates
0.0004 Worst case of temperate acute and chronic aquatic invertebrates
Aquatic plants
0.00048 Worst case of free-floating plants, rooted plants, acute and chronic algae
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
General
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)
- - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
53
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 High
Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
> 17.2
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)
87.12
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rabbit		 -
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
0.171
A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints
- - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
Dermal penetration studies (%)
- - -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464
- - -
Exposure Routes
Public
-
Occupational
-
MRLs
European
EU MRL pesticide database 
Great Britain
GB MRL Register 
Notes
-
Drinking Water Standards
- - -
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
- - -
Health issues
Specific human health issues (hazard-based)
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
XNo, known not to cause a problem
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found
?Possibly, status not identified
Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
Eye irritant Phototoxicant  
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found  
General human health issues
May cause severe allergic reaction
May damage respiratory tract
May cause dermatitis
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
Corrosive
Combustible
May emit toxic gases when heated
Forms explosive mixture in air on heating
IMDG transport hazard class 8
Not compatible with strong oxidising or reducing agents
CLP classification 2013
Health: H301, H310, H314, H317, H318, H330. Environment: H400, H410
WHO Classification
Not listed
UN Number
UN 3265
Waste disposal & packaging
Packaging Group II (moderate danger)
Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity
Store in a dry place at room temperature. Highy reactive and unstable in pure state so supplied as an aqueous solution.
TRANSLATIONS
Language
Name
English
reaction mass of CMIT and MIT
French
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Italian
-
Spanish
-
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-
Polish
-
Swedish
-
Hungarian
-
Dutch
-
Norwegian
-
Record last updated: 01/10/2026
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:

Tzilivakis, J., Lewis, K.A., Green, A. and Warner, D.J. (2026) A decade of growth and impact of the Pesticide Properties Database (PPDB). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 32(6), 1104-1129. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2026.2702066

Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242

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