The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.
Zinc content is >0.8% - considered negligible for labeling & reporting
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
Uses light-activated photocatalysis for disease control. This generates localised antioxidants on plant surfaces when exposed to light that kills microbes
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
AgriTitan LLC
Example products using this active
AgriTitan
Formulation and application details
Applied as an aqueous suspension or spray
Commercial production
Produced commercially through a patented coprecipitation-calcination process scaled for aqueous suspension formulation. Zinc acetate and titanium isopropoxide precursors are dissolved in deionised water at a Ti:Zn molar ratio of 50:1 to 100:1, followed by controlled hydrolysis and coprecipitation at pH 8-10 using ammonium hydroxide. The precipitate undergoes hydrothermal treatment at 150-200 DegC for 12-24 hours to form 6-7 nm anatase nanocrystals, then drying and calcination at 500 DegC for 2-4 hours to achieve optimal doping and crystallinity (12-24 nm crystallite size). The resulting powder is milled to prevent aggregation, dispersed in water with a non-ionic surfactant and sterile-filtered to yield a stable suspension.
Impact on climate of production and use
The commercial production of zinc-doped titanium dioxide generates greenhouse gas emissions primarily through its energy-intensive synthesis processes, which mirror those of conventional titanium dioxide nanoparticle manufacturing. These emissions, quantified via life cycle assessments (LCAs) of similar TiO₂ routes, stem largely from upstream precursor extraction (e.g. ilmenite ore mining and titanium salts like titanium oxysulphate), very high-temperature calcination or hydrothermal treatments, and chemical inputs for doping and purification, contributing an estimated 20–50 kg CO₂e per kg of nanoparticles produced depending on the specific method used. While green technologies could reduce this footprint by up to 70% through lower energy demands, the patented chemical route for the AgriTitan product appears to align with traditional high-impact pathways. However, its end use does go some way towards mitigating production emissions as its photocatalytic chemistry reduces harmful atmospheric pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methane, sulphur dioxide, ozone and various oxides of nitrogen.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)
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-
-
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
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-
-
Melting point (°C)
-
-
-
Boiling point (°C)
-
-
-
Degradation point (°C)
-
-
-
Flashpoint (°C)
-
-
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
-
-
-
Log P
-
-
-
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
-
-
-
Data type
-
-
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
-
-
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
-
-
-
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Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
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-
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Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
-
-
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Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
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-
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From soil surface
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-
-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
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-
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Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
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-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
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Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
-
-
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DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
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-
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DT₅₀ (field)
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-
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DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
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-
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DT₉₀ (field)
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-
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DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
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-
-
Note
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Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
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Notes and range
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Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
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-
-
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
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1/n
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Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
-
-
-
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
Cannot be calculated
-
-
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
-
-
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Potential for loss via drain flow
-
-
-
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
Ecotoxicity
Warning:
