(Also known as: TMG; sugarbeet component; betaine; glycine betaine; oxyneurine)
SUMMARY
Hazard alerts
The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.
Trimethylgycine is a plant derived compound which is the major active component in sugarbeet root extract.
Example pests controlled
Botrytis; Yield; Quality
Example applications
Wine and table grapes; Soft berries; Some vegetables
Efficacy & activity
-
GB regulatory status
GB COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Not applicable
GB LERAP status
No GB approval for use as a crop protection agent
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
Not applicable
Listed in EU database
No
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries
ISIceland
NONorway
Additional information
Also used in
-
Chemical structure
Isomerism
Trimethylglycine is not isomeric using the classic definition but it is a zwitterion, meaning it exists in two forms: the neutral form and the charged form. This dipolar zwitterionic compound contains both a positively charged quaternary ammonium group and a negatively charged carboxylate group thus is electrically neutral overall.
Not direct fungicidal activity but acts through indirect modes of action including as an osmo-protectant & resistance inducer which up-regulates the plants own defences against fungal infections.
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
Not manufactured directly for use as a pesticide
Example products using this active
-
Formulation and application details
-
Commercial production
Not commercially manufactered for use as a pesticide but is obtained as a byproduct of sugar refining from molasses. In most organisms, trimethylglycine is biosynthesised by oxidation of choline
Impact on climate of production and use
-
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)
611000
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
High
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
-
-
-
Melting point (°C)
180
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Boiling point (°C)
293
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
-
Degradation point (°C)
293
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Flashpoint (°C)
-
-
-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
1.17 X 10-03
Calculated
-
Log P
-2.93
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Low
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
-
-
-
Data type
-
-
-
Density (g ml⁻¹)
-
-
-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
1.832
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
-
One protonated cation
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
7.11 X 10-02
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
3.96
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Moderately volatile
Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost
From plant surface
-
-
-
From soil surface
-
-
-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
Max absorption at 200nm, no detectable absorption between 240nm and 800nm
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
-
-
-
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
Biodegradable
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
-
-
-
DT₉₀ (field)
-
-
-
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
-
-
-
Note
Naturally occurring substance
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
-
-
-
Note
-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
0.22
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Fast
Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)
-
-
-
Air degradation
As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.
Decay in stored produce DT₅₀
-
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Koc (mL g⁻¹)
-
Notes and range
-
Freundlich
Kf (mL g⁻¹)
-
-
-
Kfoc (mL g⁻¹)
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
-
-
-
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
Cannot be calculated
-
-
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
-
-
-
Potential for loss via drain flow
-
-
-
Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk
-
-
-
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
-
-
-
CT₅₀ (days)
-
-
Known metabolites
None
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 5000
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat
Low
Mammals - Short Term Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
-
-
-
Mammals - Long Term (Chronic) Oral NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
> 1560
P5 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes
Rat
Low
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 2000
P4 P = Other non-EU, UK or US Governments and Regulators 4 = Verified data
Eliminated through metabolism in the liver and kidneys, and not through direct excretion, its clearance is a gradual process
Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source
-
Health issues
Specific human health issues (hazard-based)
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
XNo, known not to cause a problem
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data
;
E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data
No data found
Reproduction / development effects
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
Neurotoxicant
No data found
No data found
No data found
Respiratory tract irritant
Skin irritant
Skin sensitiser
XNo, known not to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
XNo, known not to cause a problem
Eye irritant
Phototoxicant
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
No data found
General human health issues
May cause diarrhea, bloating, cramps, dyspepsia, nausea or vomiting; Generally considered to offer human health benefits including supporting heart health, increasing athletic performance and promoting healthy insulin levels
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
TMG is hydrophilic Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
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Ecotoxicity
Warning:
