atrazine (Ref: G 30027) ** aneldazin ** Translations

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SUMMARY

Atrazine is a herbicide that does not have EU approval for use. It has selective, systemic action with residual and foliar activity. It has a low aqueous solubility, it is volatile and, based on its physico-chemical properties there is some concern that it could leach to groundwater. It is generally not persistent in the field nor in aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals, is not expected to bioaccumulate and is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant. Atrazine is moderately toxic to most aquatic life, earthworms and honeybees but presents less of a risk to birds.

GENERAL INFORMATION
for atrazine

Description: A triazine herbicide used pre- and post-emergence with restricted permitted uses to control broad-leaved weeds and grasses

Example pests controlled: Morning glory; Barnyard grass; Cocklebur; Lambsquarters; Crabgrass; Pigweed; Buckwheat; Ragweed; Foxtail

Example applications: Corn; Sorghum; Sugarcane; Turf; Asparagus

Efficacy & activity: -

Availability status: Current

Introduction & key dates: 1957

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):

Status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	UK
Date inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	-
Listed in EU database	Yes

Approved for use () or known to be used () in the following European countries:

AT

BE

BG

CY

CZ

DE

DK

EE

EL

ES

FI

FR

HR

HU

IE

IT

LT

LU

LV

MT

NL

PL

PT

RO

SE

SI

SK

UK

Also used in: Australia, USA

Chemical structure:

Isomerism	None
Chemical formula	C8H14ClN5
Canonical SMILES	CCNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)Cl)NC(C)C
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	MXWJVTOOROXGIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C8H14ClN5/c1-4-10-7-12-6(9)13-8(14-7)11-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3,(H2,10,11,12,13,14)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status:

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Triazine
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Selective, systemic action with residual and foliar activity. Inhibits photosynthesis (photosystem II).
CAS RN	1912-24-9
EC number	217-617-8
CIPAC number	91
US EPA chemical code	080803
PubChem CID	2256
Molecular mass (g mol-1)	215.68
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
IUPAC name	6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
CAS name	6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Other status information	OSPAR soc; WFD priority substance; Potential groundwater contaminant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	EU Directive 2008/105/EC EQS surface waters: annual average 0.6 ug/L; max measured 2.0 ug/L UK statutory standard for protection of aquatic life for inland, coastal and territory surface waters 2.0 ug/L
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	C1
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	5
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Many recorded cases Alopecurus myosuroides Alopecurus myosuroides Amaranthus retroflexus Conyza canadensis Abutilon theophrasti
Physical state	White crystals
Related substances & organisms	acetochlor 2,4-D dicamba sulcotrione nicosulfuron terbutryn

Formulations:

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Syngenta Bayer CropScience Monsanto Scotts
Example products using this active	Gesaprim Fenamin Atrazinax Weedex Primaze Atratol Radazine
UK LERAP status	Buffer probably required in UK - see product label
Formulation and application details	Available in a variety of formulations including dry flowable, flowable liquid, liquid, water dispersible granules and wettable powders.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for atrazine

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1)		35	B5	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1)		24000	F4 - Ethyl acetate	-
		28000	F4 - Dichloromethane	-
		4000	F4 - Toluene	-
		110	F4 - n-Hexane	-
Melting point (oC)		175.8	F4	-
Boiling point (oC)		Decomposes before boiling	F4	-
Degradation point (oC)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (oC)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	F4	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC	P	5.01 X 1002	Calculated	-
	Log P	2.7	B5	Moderate
Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity		1.23	F4	-
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC		1.7	B5	-
		Note: Very weak base
Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa)		0.039	B5	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1)		1.50 X 10-04	L3	Non-volatile
GUS leaching potential index		3.20	Calculated	High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate	Value	4.09 X 10-01	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	Calculated	Medium
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m-1)		-	-	-

Degradation:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT50 (typical)	75	B5 Laboratory	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (lab at 20oC)	66	B4	Moderately persistent
	DT50 (field)	29	B4	Non-persistent
	DT90 (lab at 20oC)	-	-	-
	DT90 (field)	-	-	-
	DT50 modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Lab studies DT50 range 28-150 days, field studies DT50 range 6-108 days (USA); Other sources: DT50 6-10 weeks (R3), 146 days at 25 DegC (R3)
Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7	Value	2.6	B5	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7	Value	86	K4	Moderately persistent
	Note	Rapidly hydrolysed in strong acids and alkalis and at elevated temperatures
Water-sediment DT50 (days)		80	K4	Moderately fast
Water phase only DT50 (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	G3	Moderately mobile
	Koc	100
	Notes and range	Other sources: 89-513 mL/g (R3), Log Koc 2.00 at 25 DegC (R4)
Freundlich	Kf	3.2	R4	Moderately mobile
	Kfoc	174
	1/n	1.07
	Notes and range	Literature data: Kf range 1.3-6.3 mL/g, kfoc range 70-429 mL/g, 1/n range 1.04=1.10, Soils = 13
pH sensitivity		-

Key metabolites:

Metabolite		Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
6-deisopropyl atrazine (Ref: G-28279)		Soil	0.33	Major, Relevant
deethylatrazine (Ref: G-30033)		Soil	0.21	Major, Relevant
2-hydroxyatrazine (Ref: G-34048)		Soil	-	Non Relevant

Other known metabolites:

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
deisopropyldeethylhydroxyatrazine (Ref: G-17791)	-	Soil	0.004	-
deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (Ref: G-17792)	-	Soil	0.08	-
deethylhydroxyatrazine (Ref: G-17794)	-	Soil	0.08	-
deisopropyldeethylatrazine (Ref: G-28273)	-	Soil	0.08	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY
for atrazine

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg-1)	4.3	P4 (Other literature Log BCF range 0.98-2.5 (R3))	Low potential
	CT50 (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		1869	B5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg-1)	-	B3 Rat	-
	(ppm diet)	200		-
Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1)		4237	B5 Coturnix japonica	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		4.5	B5 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		2	J4 Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1)		85	B3 Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1)		0.25	F3 Daphnia magna, LOEC	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		1.0	F4 Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1)		1.0	F3 Chironomus riparius, 1 day	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1)		0.019	F3 Lemna gibba	Moderate
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1)		0.059	B3 Raphidocelis subcapitata	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1)		0.1	F3 Green algae	Moderate
Honeybees	Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 100	B4	Low
	Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	> 100	B5	Low
	Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1)	-	-	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1)		79	B5	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola	LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmless	AA2 Typhlodromus pyri	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR50 g ha-1	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmless	AA2 Chrysoperla carnea	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l-1	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for atrazine

General:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1)		1869	B5 Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight)		> 3100	L3 Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1)		5.8	L3 Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-		-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.02	JMPR 2007	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.1	JMPR 2007	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1)		0.01	BA5; EU 1998	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		10	BA5; EU 1998	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Limits		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	May be absorbed from the lungs or through intact skin
European MRLs		Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		Non-statutory WHO drinking water guideline 0.002 mg/L	UK EA QS database, 2018	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1)		-	-	-

Health issues:

Carcinogen	Mutagen	Endocrine disrupter	Reproduction / development effects	Cholinesterase inhibitor	Neurotoxicant
Respiratory tract irritant	Skin irritant	Skin sensitiser	Eye irritant	Phototoxicant
		-		-
General human health issues		IARC Group 3 carcinogen May cause coma, circulatory collapse and gastric bleeding May cause renal failure May disturb testosterone metabolism Endocrine issues - Androgen inhibition, weak estrogenic effect

: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found

Handling issues:

Property		Value	Source/Quality Score/Other Information	Interpretation
General		Avoid the formation of dust Powders may become explosive under certain conditions Store away from heat, flames and sparks
CLP classification 2013		Health: H317, H373 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification		Xn - Harmful: R48/22, R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification		S2, S36/37, S61, S60
WHO Classification		III	-	Slightly hazardous
US EPA Classification (formulation)		III	-	Caution - Slightly toxic
UN Number		-
Waste disposal & packaging		-

TRANSLATIONS
for atrazine

Language	Name
English	atrazine
French	atrazine
German	Atrazin
Danish	atrazin
Italian	atrazina
Spanish	atrazina
Greek	atrazine
Slovenian	atrazin
Polish	atrazyna
Swedish	-
Hungarian	atrazine
Dutch	atrazine

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Record last updated: Wednesday 23 May 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk