Picolinafen (Ref: BAS 700H)

Picolinafen (Ref: BAS 700H)	Last updated: 24/07/2024
(Also known as: AC 900001; CL 900001; picalinafen)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health Moderate alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: Moderate

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A post-emergence cereal herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds in some cereals

Example pests controlled

Broad-leaved weeds including cleavers, chickweeds, field speedwell, field pansy and shepherd's purse.

Example applications

Winter wheat; Winter barley; Winter rye; Triticale

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2001, introduced

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

30/06/2031

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Germany/Latvia

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

30/06/2031

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
✓			✓			✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia, Canada

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₉H₁₂F₄N₂O₂

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC2=CC=CC(=N2)C(=O)NC3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C(F)(F)F

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

CWKFPEBMTGKLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C19H12F4N2O2/c20-13-7-9-14(10-8-13)24-18(26)16-5-2-6-17(25-16)27-15-4-1-3-12(11-15)19(21,22)23/h1-11H,(H,24,26)/f/h24H

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Anilide herbicide; Pyridine herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

980 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective, with rapid foliar absorption. Bleaching - Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor.

CAS RN

137641-05-5

EC number

No data found

CIPAC number

639

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

3294375

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

376.30

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

4'-fluoro-6-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)pyridine-2-carboxanilide

CAS name

N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-pyridinecarboxamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White crystalline solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

BASF

Example products using this active

Flight
Orient
PicoMax
Picona
PicoPro, PicoStomp

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as wettable granules that are mixed with water and used as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.047

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

557000

Acetone

464000

Ethyl acetate

30400

Methanol

263000

Toluene

Melting point (°C)

107.4

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

230

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.69 X 10⁰⁵

Calculated

Log P

5.43

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.45

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

1.70 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.60 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

From soil surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

202nm = 39500, 230nm = 14600, 290nm = 13000

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

6.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

6.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

31.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

50.8

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

120.9

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier (2015) lab studies DT₅₀ range 1.97-80.1 days, DT₉₀ range 8.53-169.3 days, Field studies DT₅₀ range 7.8-61.5 days, DT₉₀ range 26.0-204.2 days, soils =7; EU dossier (2004) lab studies DT₅₀ range 1-14 days, DT₉₀ range 34-149 days, field studies DT₅₀ range 9-64 days, DT₉₀ range 56-212 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 25 days at pH 5, 31 days at pH 7, 23 days at pH 9, all at 23 °C, 7 day continuous irradiation

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9, 5 days at 50 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

6.2

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1.3

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

425

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

28300

Notes and range

EU dossier K_d range 248-764 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 10783-58769 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

385

Non-mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

22500

¹/_n

0.993

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 200-603 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 17100-31800 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.969-1.03, Soils=4

pH sensitivity

Stronger adsorption on acidic soils

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-0.53

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.35 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

48.2

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Substance of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

617

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

6-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-pyridine carboxylic acid (Ref: CL-153815)

Major fraction

0.664

4-fluoroaniline (Ref: CL7693)

Minor fraction

0.076

2-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-6-pyridine carboxylic acid methyl ester (Ref: CL 197393)

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

2.7

Rat 2 yr

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

38.8

Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2250

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5314 mg kg feed⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

59.5

Colinus virginianus NOEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

1.675

Eisenia foetida corr

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: Tolerable effects
Carbon mineralisation: Tolerable effects

Dose: 0.5 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

250

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

> 5

Beta vulgaris
Seedling emergence, ED50
as g ha⁻¹

> 5

Beta vulgaris
Vegetative vigour, ED50
as g ha⁻¹

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 200

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 100

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 100

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as % Mortality at dose 100 g ha⁻¹

Poecilus cupreus

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.68

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.0064

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.88

Danio rerio

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.45

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.007

Daphnia magna

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.18

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.057

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.00018

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

High

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

0.00018

Algae plants and aquatic invertebrates

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

4000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.9

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.014

Dog SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Rabbit SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Dog 90 day SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Thyroid & kidney toxicant
May cause anaemia

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

picolinafen

French

picolinafen

German

Picolinafen

Danish

picolinafen

Italian

picolinafen

Spanish

picolinafen

Greek

Polish

pikolinafen

Swedish

pikolinafen

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	24/07/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242