Profenofos (Ref: OMS 2004)

Profenofos (Ref: OMS 2004)	Last updated: 01/09/2023
(Also known as: polycron; selecron; curacron; CGA 15324)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An insecticide used on a wide variety of crops to control many pests but mainly Lepidoptera and mites

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Lygus bugs; Cotton bollworm; Tobacco bud worm; Leaf webber; Cotton leaf-perforator; Beet armyworm; Whitefly (suppression); Spidermites; Caterpillars

Example applications

Cotton; Maize; Tobacco; Sugarbeet; Soybeans; Potatoes; Ornamentals including jasmine.

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1975, first reported

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

A molecule with one chiral feature - 2 steroisomers.

Chemical formula

C₁₁H₁₅BrClO₃PS

Canonical SMILES

CCCSP(=O)(OCC)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)Br)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

QYMMJNLHFKGANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C11H15BrClO3PS/c1-3-7-18-17(14,15-4-2)16-11-6-5-9(12)8-10(11)13/h5-6,8H,3-4,7H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide

Substance groups

Organophosphate insecticide; Organophosphate acaricide; Organothiophosphate insecticide; Organothiophosphate acaricide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Non-systemic with contact and stomach action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

CAS RN

41198-08-7

EC number

255-255-2

CIPAC number

461

US EPA chemical code

111401

PubChem CID

38779

CLP index number

015-135-00-0

Molecular mass

373.63

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

(RS)-(O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate)

CAS name

O-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate

Other status information

PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Bemisia tabaci, Chrysoperla carnea, Earias vittella, Leucoptera meyricki, Spodoptera littoralis, Tetranychus urticae, many others

Physical state

Pale yellow liquid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgroCare
King Tech Corp
Syngenta

Example products using this active

Devi-Soldier
Ellak
Fertifenophos
Hilfos
Curacron
Selecron 500 EC

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Miscible

Acetone

Miscible

Methanol

Miscible

Xylene

Melting point (°C)

Not applicable

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

124

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.01 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.7

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.46

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

2.53

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.65 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

1.6

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-2.0 days, 6 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=9

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

5.4

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.0-41.0 days, 6 field crops, various matrices, n=14

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Other data: DT₅₀ 93 days at pH 5, 14.6 days at pH 7, 5.7 hours at pH 9, all at 20 °C (L3)

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Slightly mobile

K_oc

2016

Notes and range

Best available data

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.59

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

6.87 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

1186

Estimated

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

358

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 year

(ppm diet)

0.3

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 70

Coturnix japonica

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.095

Apis mellifera

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as mortality LC₅₀ 72 hr ppm

2.35

Coccinella undecimpunctata adult

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.08

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.002

Pimephales promelas

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.5

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0016

Americamysis bahia

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

358

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

472

Rabbit

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.0

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.0

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL expected to deviate from the EU MRL in mid-2023

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Harmful by inhalation

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H312, H332
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN3018

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

profenofos

French

profenophos

German

Profenofos

Danish

profenofos

Italian

profenfos

Spanish

profenofos

Greek

profenofos

Polish

profenofos

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

profenofos

Norwegian

Record last updated:	01/09/2023
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242