| propachlor (Ref: CP 31393) |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for propachlor
Description: A pre-emergence herbicide for control of annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds
Example pests controlled: Annual ryegrass; Barnyard grass; Pimpernel; Chickweed; Deadnettle; Fleabane; Shepherd's purse; Fathen
Example applications: Soybeans; Grain sorghum; Corn; Peas; Pumkins; Cotton; Flax
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1964
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Netherlands |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C11H14ClNO |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CCl |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C11H14ClNO/c1-9(2)13(11(14)8-12)10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:
| Common Name | Relationship | Link |
| Propachlor | - |  |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |
| Substance group | Chloroacetamide | |
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |
| Known relevant impurities | - | |
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |
| Mode of action | Selective, systemic, effects cell formation and protein synthesis. Inhibition of VLCFA (inhibition of cell division). | |
| CAS RN | 1918-16-7 | |
| EC number | 217-638-2 | |
| CIPAC number | 176 | |
| US EPA chemical code | 019101 | |
| PubChem CID | 4931 | |
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 211.69 | |
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | - | |
| IUPAC name | 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide | |
| CAS name | 2-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenylacetamide | |
| Other status information | Marine Pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations | |
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | K3 | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 15 | |
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |
| Physical state | Light tan solid | |
| Related substances & organisms | ||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | None | |||
| Formulation and application details | Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates, granules or suspension concentrate. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for propachlor
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 580 | H4 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 353900 | C4 - Acetone | - | |
| 205500 | C4 - Xylene | - | ||
| 296100 | C4 - Toluene | - | ||
| 655900 | C4 - Benzene | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 77 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 170 | F4 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 174 | L3 - (open cup) | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 3.98 X 1001 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 1.6 | H4 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.13 | L3 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | - | - | - | |
| Note: | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 30.6 | H4 | Highly volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 3.65 X 10-03 | L3 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.47 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 4.13 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 5 | K4 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | Best available data; Other sources: DT50 6 days (DW4) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 18 | K4 | Slow |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 28 | K4 | Non-persistent |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 84 | K4 | Moderately fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 4.5 | K4 | Moderately fast | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | H3 | Moderately mobile |
| Koc | 80 | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| propachlor methyl sulfoxide | - | Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic) | - | - |
| 2-hydroxy-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenyl acetamide | propachlor alcohol | Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic) | - | - |
| N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenylacetamide | norchloropropachlor | Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic) | - | - |
| propachlor disulfide | - | Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic) | - | - |
| propachlor thiol | - | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| [(1-methylethyl)phenylamino] oxacetic acid | propachlor oxanilic acid | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| 2[(1-methylethyl)phenylamino]-2-oxo-ethane sylfonic acid | propachlor sulfonic acid | Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic) | - | - |
| propachlor sulfonic acid | - | Soil | - | - |
| (([1-methylethyl)phenylamino] acetyl) sulfinyl) acetic acid | propachlor sulfinylacetic acid | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-N-phenyl acetamide | propachlor methyl sulfone | Soil (Aerobic) | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 37 | F4 Whole fish | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 550 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 5.4 | L2 Rat, 2 year | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | 91 | K4 Colinus virginianus | High | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.17 | L3 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 7.8 | L3 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 0.005 | F4 Lemna gibba | High | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 0.015 | L3 Raphidocelis subcapitata | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | 0.01 | Q2 Unknown species | Moderate | |
| Honeybees (Apis spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | 197 | L3 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| - | ||||
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| - | ||||
| Mason bees (Osmia spp.) | Contact acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other pollinators (1) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Other pollinators (2) | Acute LD50 (worst case from 24 , 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect-1) | - | - | - |
| Mode of exposure | - | |||
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 218 | L3 | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | Moderately harmful | AA2 Chrysoperla carnea | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for propachlor
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 550 | L3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 200000 | L3 Rabbit | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 1.2 | L3 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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A0; B0; C0; D0; E0 | - |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | USEPA - probable human carcinogen | |||||||
| Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other : Yes, known to cause a problem  : No, known not to cause a problem  : Possibly, status not identified - : No data found |
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Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H302, H317, H319 Environment: H400, H410 |
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| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R22, R43 Xi - Irritant: R36 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S2, S22, S36, S46, S60 | |||
| WHO Classification | II | - | Moderately hazardous | |
| UN Number | Usually 3082 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | propachlor |
| French | propachlore |
| German | Propachlor |
| Danish | propachlor |
| Italian | propaclor |
| Spanish | propacloro |
| Greek | propachlor |
| Slovenian | propaklor |
| Polish | propachlor |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | propaklor |
| Dutch | propachloor |
Record last updated: Wednesday 31 October 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk