Propachlor (Ref: CP 31393)

Propachlor (Ref: CP 31393)	Last updated: 25/03/2022
(Also known as: propachlore)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Moderately mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A pre-emergence herbicide for control of annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds

Example pests controlled

Annual ryegrass; Barnyard grass; Pimpernel; Chickweed; Deadnettle; Fleabane; Shepherd's purse; Fathen

Example applications

Soybeans; Grain sorghum; Corn; Peas; Pumkins; Cotton; Flax

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1964

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Netherlands

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₁H₁₄ClNO

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CCl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

MFOUDYKPLGXPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C11H14ClNO/c1-9(2)13(11(14)8-12)10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
propachlor	-

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance groups

Chloroacetanilide herbicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective, systemic, effects cell formation and protein synthesis. Inhibition of VLCFA (inhibition of cell division).

CAS RN

1918-16-7

EC number

217-638-2

CIPAC number

176

US EPA chemical code

019101

PubChem CID

4931

Molecular mass

211.69

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide

CAS name

2-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenylacetamide

Other status information

Marine Pollutant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Light tan solid

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Certis
Greencrop
Makhteshim-Agan
Nufarm

Example products using this active

Alpha Propachlor 50SC
Ashlade CP
Titan 480
Ramrod

Formulation and application details

Often supplied as emulsifiable concentrates, granules or suspension concentrate

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

580

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

353900

Acetone

205500

Xylene

296100

Toluene

655900

Benzene

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

170

Flashpoint (°C)

174

(open cup)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.98 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.6

Low

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.13

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

30.6

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.65 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data; Other sources: DT₅₀ 6 days (DW4)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Slow

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Non-persistent

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

4.5

Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Moderately mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.47

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.13 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Whole fish

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

propachlor methyl sulfoxide

Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic)

2-hydroxy-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenyl acetamide

propachlor alcohol

Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic)

N-(1-methylethyl)-N-phenylacetamide

norchloropropachlor

Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic)

propachlor disulfide

Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic)

propachlor thiol

Soil (Aerobic)

[(1-methylethyl)phenylamino] oxacetic acid

propachlor oxanilic acid

Soil (Aerobic)

2[(1-methylethyl)phenylamino]-2-oxo-ethane sylfonic acid

propachlor sulfonic acid

Soil (Aerobic); Water (Anaerobic)

propachlor sulfonic acid

Soil

(([1-methylethyl)phenylamino] acetyl) sulfinyl) acetic acid

propachlor sulfinylacetic acid

Soil (Aerobic)

N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-N-phenyl acetamide

propachlor methyl sulfone

Soil (Aerobic)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

550

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

5.4

Rat 2 year

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 91

Colinus virginianus

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

218

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

197

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Moderately harmful

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.17

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 7.8

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.612

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.8

Chironomus riparius 48hr EC₅₀

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.005

Lemna gibba

High

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.015

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.01

Unknown species

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

550

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

200000

Rabbit

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.2

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

USEPA - probable human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

IMDG Transport Code is usually 9

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H317, H319
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Usually 3082

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

propachlor

French

propachlore

German

Propachlor

Danish

propachlor

Italian

propaclor

Spanish

propacloro

Greek

propachlor

Polish

propachlor

Swedish

Hungarian

propaklor

Dutch

propachloor

Record last updated:	25/03/2022
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242