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Propazine (Ref: G 30028)
Last updated: 19/08/2022
(Also known as: prozinex; propazin; gesamil)
SUMMARY
Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate Ecotoxicity Human health
Environmental fate
High alert:
Persistent; GUS: High leachability
Ecotoxicity
Moderate alert:
Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: Moderate
Human health
High alert:
Endocrine distrupter
GENERAL INFORMATION
Description
A chlorotriazine herbicide used for control of broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses
Example pests controlled
Annual morning glory; Pigweed; Smartweed; Carpet weed; Lambsquarter; Ragweed; Velvetleaf
Example applications
Sorghum; Corn; Some umbelliferae vegetables; Carrots; Fennel; Ornamentals; Greenhouse use
Efficacy & activity
-
Availability status
Current
Introduction & key dates
1998, USA
UK regulatory status
UK COPR regulatory status
Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires
Expired
UK LERAP status
No UK approval for use
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)
EC Regulation 1107/2009 status
Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur
-
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires
Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)
-
Listed in EU database
Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States
ATAustria
BEBelgium
BGBulgaria
CYCyprus
CZCzech Republic
DEGermany
DKDenmark
EEEstonia
ELGreece
                 
ESSpain
FIFinland
FRFrance
HRCroatia
HUHungary
IEIreland
ITItaly
LTLithuania
LULuxembourg
                 
LVLatvia
MTMalta
NLNetherlands
PLPoland
PTPortugal
RORomania
SESweden
SISlovenia
SKSlovakia
                 
Additional information
Also used in
Australia
Chemical structure
Isomerism
None
Chemical formula
C₉H₁₆ClN₅
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)NC1=NC(=NC(=N1)Cl)NC(C)C
Isomeric SMILES
No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)
WJNRPILHGGKWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)
InChI=1S/C9H16ClN5/c1-5(2)11-8-13-7(10)14-9(15-8)12-6(3)4/h5-6H,1-4H3,(H2,11,12,13,14,15)
2D structure diagram/image available?
Yes
General status
Pesticide type
Herbicide
Substance groups
Triazine herbicide; Chlorotriazine herbicide
Minimum active substance purity
-
Known relevant impurities
-
Substance origin
Synthetic
Mode of action
Selective, systemic, absorbed by roots and translocated
CAS RN
139-40-2
EC number
205-359-9
CIPAC number
92
US EPA chemical code
080808
PubChem CID
4937
Molecular mass
229.71
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)
-
IUPAC name
6-chloro-N2,N4-diisopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
CAS name
6-chloro-N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Other status information
Marine pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards
-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)
C1
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)
5
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)
Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)
Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance
-
Physical state
Colourless crystalline solid
Formulations
Property
Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically
  • Griffin Corporation
  • Ciba Geigy
  • Makhteshim Agan
Example products using this active
  • Milogard
  • Milo-Pro
  • Gesamil
  • Milocep
Formulation and application details
Often supplied as water-dispersible granules or wettable powder
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
8.6
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)
6200
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Benzene		 -
5000
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Diethyl ether		 -
2500
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Carbon tetrachloride		 -
Melting point (°C)
213
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Boiling point (°C)
- - -
Degradation point (°C)
- - -
Flashpoint (°C)
- - -
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C
P
8.91 X 1003 Calculated -
Log P
3.95
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 High
Fat solubility of residues
Solubility
- - -
Data type
- - -
Density (g ml⁻¹)
1.16
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C
1.7
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 -
Very weak base
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)
0.004
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here )
4 = Verified data
 Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)
1.79 X 10-04
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹
- - -
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)
- - -
Degradation
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
General biodegradability
-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)
DT₅₀ (typical)
131
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 Persistent
DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)
135
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Persistent
DT₅₀ (field)
- - -
DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)
- - -
DT₉₀ (field)
- - -
DT₅₀ modelling endpoint
- - -
Note
Best available data
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix
Value
- - -
Note
-
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7
Value
0.8
K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Fast
Note
-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7
Value
83
K3 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Moderately persistent
Note
Stable under normal environmental conditions, hydrolysed by acids and alkalis at elevated temperatures
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)
77
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 Moderately fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)
77
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 Stable
Soil adsorption and mobility
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Linear
Kd
-
G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here )
3 = Unverified data of known source
 Moderately mobile
Koc
154
Notes and range
Best available data
Freundlich
Kf
- - -
Kfoc
-
1/n
-
Notes and range
-
pH sensitivity
-
Fate indices
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index
3.86 Calculated High leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate
Value
1.07 X 1000 Calculated -
Note
-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Medium Calculated -
Potential for loss via drain flow
Moderately mobile Calculated -
Bio-concentration factor
BCF (l kg⁻¹)
62
Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Estimated		 Low potential
CT₅₀ (days)
Not available -
Key metabolites
Metabolite
Formation medium
Estimated maximum occurrence fraction
1107/2009 relevancy
hydroxypropazine
Soil - -
Other known metabolites
Metabolite name and reference
Aliases
Formation medium / Rate
Estimated maximum occurrence fraction
Metabolising enzymes
2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine - Water (Photolysis) - -
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Terrestrial ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
3840
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL
(mg kg⁻¹)
13
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 High
(ppm diet)
200 -
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
> 10000
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Anas platyrhynchos		 Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)
- - -
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Soil micro-organisms
- - -
Collembola
Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Non-target plants
- - -
- - -
Honeybees (Apis spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
16
K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
4 = Verified data
 Moderate
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Chronic
- - -
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)
Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)
- - -
Other pollinators (1)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Other pollinators (2)
Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)
- - -
Mode of exposure
-
Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Lacewings)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)
- - -
Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)
- - -
Aquatic ecotoxicology
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 17.5
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Oncorhynchus mykiss		 Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
> 17.7
K2 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra
2 = Unverified data of unknown source
Unknown species		 Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)
- - -
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)
0.88
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
Lemna gibba		 Moderate
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)
0.18
F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment )
3 = Unverified data of known source
Cyanobacteria		 Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mesocosm study data
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
NOEAEC mg l⁻¹
- - -
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
General
Property
Value
Source; quality score; and other information
Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)
High (class III) - -
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)
3840
G4 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here )
4 = Verified data
Rat		 Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)
3100
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rat		 -
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)
2.04
L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources
3 = Unverified data of known source
Rabbit		 -
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints
- - -
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)
- - -
Dermal penetration studies (%)
- - -
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464
- - -
Exposure Routes
Public
-
Occupational
-
MRLs
European
EU MRL pesticide database 
Great Britain
GB MRL Register 
Notes
-
Drinking Water Standards
- - -
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)
- - -
Mammalian dose elimination route and rate
- - -
Health issues
Specific human health issues
Carcinogen
Genotoxic
Endocrine disruptor
?Possibly, status not identified
A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database)
0 = No data
;
E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source)
3 = Negative
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant
?Possibly, status not identified
 No data found No data found
Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found
Eye irritant Phototoxicant  
✓Yes, known to cause a problem
 No data found  
General human health issues
Endocrine issues - Induction of aromatase activity and increase of estrogen production
Handling issues
Property
Value and interpretation
General
No information available
CLP classification 2013
Health: H351
Environment: H400, H410
WHO Classification
U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number
-
Waste disposal & packaging
Packaging Group III (minor danger)
TRANSLATIONS
Language
Name
English
propazine
French
propazine
German
Propazin
Danish
propazin
Italian
propazina
Spanish
propazina
Greek
-
Polish
propazyna
Swedish
-
Hungarian
-
Dutch
propazine
Record last updated: 19/08/2022
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as: Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242