Propineb (Ref: BAY 46131)

Propineb (Ref: BAY 46131)	Last updated: 17/08/2025
(Also known as: propinebe; methyl-metiram )

SUMMARY

Hazard alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. These hazard alerts do not take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus do not represent risk.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Low alert: Non-persistent Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health Moderate alert: Possible Carcinogen; Endocrine disrupter; Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A foliar-applied fungicide with long residual activity used on a wide range of agricultural crops

Example pests controlled

Downy mildew; Black rots; Grey molds; Scab; Leaf spots; Blossom wilt

Example applications

Grapes; Tomatoes; Potatoes; Pome fruit; Onions; Melons; bell peppers

Efficacy & activity

Propineb has been tested in field development trials which demonstrated efficacious activity.

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

No UK approval for use as a plant protection agent

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Italy/Romania

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
	✓				✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Egypt

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Propineb exhibits isomerism due to the presence of one chiral feature in its molecular structure, which allows for the existence of stereoisomers. Although detailed stereoisomeric forms are not widely discussed in the literature, the presence of chirality suggests that different isomers may vary in biological activity or environmental behaviour.

Chemical formula

C₅H₈N₂S₄Zn

Canonical SMILES

CC(CNC(=S)[S-])NC(=S)[S-].[Zn+2]

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HLQULFUYWRYRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C5H10N2S4.Zn/c1-3(7-5(10)11)2-6-4(8)9;/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H2,6,8,9)(H2,7,10,11);/q;+2/p-2/rC5H8N2S4Zn/c1-3-2-6-4(8)10-12-11-5(9)7-3/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,8)(H,7,9)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Carbamate fungicide; Dithiocarbamate fungicide; Organometal fungicide; Organozinc fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier: aresenic as an impurity

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact action with protective properties and long residual activity. Multi-site activity.

CAS RN

12071-83-9

Alternative/old CAS RN

9016-72-2

EC number

235-134-0

CIPAC number

177

US EPA chemical code

522200

PubChem CID

6100711

CLP index number

No data found

Molecular mass

289.80

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

polymeric zinc propylenebis(dithiocarbamate)

CAS name

((2-((dithiocarboxy)amino)-1-methylethyl)carbamodithioato))(2-)-kS,kS')zinc

Forever chemical

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations: GB Part 2

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

M03

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

White powder

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1965, first introduced; 2018, ithdrawn EU

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Bayer CropScience
AgroSan
FCC
Farmoplant
BOC Sciences

Example products using this active

Melody Duo
Antracol
Aerial
Agrocol

Formulation and application details

Available in a variety of formulations including dusts, flowables, water-dispersible granules and wettable powders.

Commercial production

The commercial production of propineb involves synthesising a polymeric complex formed between zinc ions and propylene-bis-dithiocarbamate ligands. This process typically starts with the reaction of carbon disulfide with propylene diamine to form the dithiocarbamate moiety, which is then complexed with zinc salts to yield the active fungicidal compound.

Impact on climate of production and use

Data for the amount of life cycle GHGs produced by propineb are not available in the public domain. However, whilst estimates vary, more general data suggests that between 11 and 30 kilograms of CO₂e is emitted per kilogram of fungicide produced.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

Toluene

100

Acetone

100

n-Heptane

100

Dichloromethane

Melting point (°C)

Decomposes before melting

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

150

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

5.50 X 10^-01

Calculated

Log P

-0.26

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.81

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

Not determinable

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.16

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

8.00 X 10^-08

for main metablite PTU

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

4.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

4.3

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.4

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2015 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.5-8.1 days, Soils=2; EU 2003 dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.1-6 days, DT₉₀ range 0.12-19 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

2.9

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.3-5.3 days, 6 field crops, various matrices, n=10

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.1

Fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

1.5

Non-persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 24 hours at pH 4, 53 hours at pH 9 all at 22 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1.0

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

Cannot be calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Potential for loss via drain flow

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

No data

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

propylene urea

Major fraction

0.422

propylene thiourea

Major fraction

0.313

propineb-DIDT

Major fraction

0.256

4-methyl-imidazoline hydrochloride

Major fraction

0.117

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

(ppm diet)

800

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Coturnix japonica

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5000 mg kg feed⁻¹

Unknown species

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 700

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

38.7

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 100.8 kg ha⁻¹

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

39.1

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 4620

10 plant species tested

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 4620

10 plant species tested

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 107.9

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

> 2632

Coccinella septempunctata

Low

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

> 7000

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Low

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

5.6

Typhlodromus pyri

Moderate

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

> 1328

Poecilus cupreus

Low

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.33

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.082

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

1.5

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.015

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (72 hr ErC₅₀, Static)

0.055

Raphidocelis subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.42

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.09

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.06

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.018

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.007

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

EU MRL levels for some commodities subject to change in mid-2022

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Primarily distributes via the thyroid gland, potentially thyroid toxicant
May damage lungs or cause muscular problems
US EPA - probable human carcinogen, EFSA - no carcinogenic potential

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Avoid generation of dust
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not oxidising or explosive
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H332, H373
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

UN2757

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Limited shelf-life. Store at -20 DegC

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

propineb

French

propinebe

German

Propineb

Danish

propineb

Italian

propineb

Spanish

propineb

Greek

Polish

propineb

Swedish

Hungarian

propineb

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	17/08/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242