Quinalphos (Ref: ENT 27397)

Quinalphos (Ref: ENT 27397)	Last updated: 15/09/2021
(Also known as: chinalphos; SAN 6538; SAN 6626; diethquinalphion)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Fish acute ecotoxicity: High; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals acute toxicity: High; Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide used against a range of common insect pests

Example pests controlled

Caterpillars; Aphids; Mealybugs; Mites; Bollworms; Leaf hoppers; Borers

Example applications

Rape; Peanuts; Sorghum; Wheat; Sugarcane; Fibre crops; Cotton; Vines & grapes

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Introduction & key dates

circa 1970

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₁₂H₁₅N₂O₃PS

Canonical SMILES

CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=NC2=CC=CC=C2N=C1

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

JYQUHIFYBATCCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C12H15N2O3PS/c1-3-15-18(19,16-4-2)17-12-9-13-10-7-5-6-8-11(10)14-12/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Acaricide

Substance group

Organophosphate

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact and stomach action. Non-systemic. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

CAS RN

13593-03-8

EC number

237-031-6

CIPAC number

449

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

26124

Molecular mass

298.3

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

O,O-diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate

IUPAC name

O,O-diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate

CAS name

O,O-diethyl O-2-quinoxalinyl phosphorothioate

Other status information

Marine Pollutant; Subject to the provisions of the UK Poisons Act 1972

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Bemisia tabaci, Helicoverpa armigera, Myzus persicae, Pectinophora gossypiella, Spodoptera litura, many others

Physical state

Colourless crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Cheminova
Sigma-aldrich
United Phosphorus
King Tech Corp
Bayer
Sandoz

Example products using this active

Quinguard
Deviquin
Hubelux
Quinatox
Bayrusil
Ekalux
Savall

Formulation and application details

Available as emulsifiable concentrates, ULVs, granules, dusts and wettable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

17.8

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

250000

Hexane

Melting point (°C)

31.5

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.75 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.44

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.235

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.346

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.70 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Best available data

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

1.4

Note

Tea, green leaves, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

2.9

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.2-8.3 days, 9 field crops, various matrices, n=12

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Moderately persistent

Note

pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 23 days at pH 3, 39 days at pH 6, 26 days at pH 9, all at 25 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Slightly mobile

K_oc

1465

Notes and range

Estimated

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.10

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

2.09 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

2-hydroxyquinoxaline

Soil

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat 2 year

(ppm diet)

> 3

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4.3

Coturnix japonica

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.005

Oncorhynchus mykiss

High

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.00066

Daphnia magna

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.07

Apis mellifera

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.17

Bombus terrestris

High

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

118.4

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

1750

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.45

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List I; List II

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin,

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Corrosive when molten
IMDG Transport Code is usually 6.1

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H312
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

T - Toxic: R25
Xn - Harmful: R21
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S1/2, S22, S36/37, S45, S60, S61

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Usually 2783 or 3018

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group II (medium danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

quinalphos

French

quinalphos

German

Quinalphos

Danish

quinalphos

Italian

quinalfos

Spanish

quinalfos

Greek

quinalphos

Polish

kwinalfos

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

quinalfos

Record last updated:	15/09/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242