Tetraconazole (Ref: M14360)

Tetraconazole (Ref: M14360)	Last updated: 08/11/2025
(Also known as: tetraconazol)

SUMMARY

Hazard alerts

The following Pesticide Hazard Tricolour (PHT) alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement. The alerts for Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) are based on applying the FAO/WHO (Type 1) and the PAN (Type II) criteria to PPDB data. Further details on the HHP indicators are given in the tables below. Neither the PHT nor the HHP hazard alerts take account of usage patterns or exposure, thus they do not represent risk.

PHT: Environmental fate	PHT: Ecotoxicity	PHT: Human health	Highly Hazardous Pesticide
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Moderately persistent; Drainflow: Slightly mobile; Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Carcinogen; Reproduction/development effects	Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP) Type I alert Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP) Type II alert

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections such as Septoria, and Rhynchosporium on cereals, sugarbeet and other crops

Example pests controlled

Powdery mildew; Rusts; Bunt; Loose smut; Scab; Leafspot

Example applications

Sugarbeet; Wheat; Grapes; Apple; Tomato; Curcubits

Efficacy & activity

Corn/Grey leaf spot=High; Corn/Southern rust=Moderate; Soybean/Anthracnose=Moderate; Soybean/Brown spot=High; Soybean/Rust=High; Soybean/White mould=Moderate

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/12/2028

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

France/Germany

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

31/03/2027

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
✓		✓	✓	✓		✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
	✓		✓	✓			✓	✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia; USA; Iran; Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Tetraconazole exhibits stereoisomerism due to the presence of a chiral centre in its molecular structure. This chirality gives rise to two enantiomers: the R-(+)-isomer and the S-(−)-isomer. In commercial formulations, tetraconazole is typically supplied as a racemic mixture, meaning it contains equal amounts of both enantiomers.

Chemical formula

C₁₃H₁₁Cl₂F₄N₃O

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C(CN2C=NC=N2)COC(C(F)F)(F)F

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

LQDARGUHUSPFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C13H11Cl2F4N3O/c14-9-1-2-10(11(15)3-9)8(4-22-7-20-6-21-22)5-23-13(18,19)12(16)17/h1-3,6-8,12H,4-5H2

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide

Substance groups

Triazole fungicide; Conazole fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

960 g kg⁻¹ racemic mixture

Known relevant impurities

EU 2025 dossier - toluene 12g kg⁻¹, 2,4-dichlorostyrene

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Systemic with protectant, eradicant and curative properties. Sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, acts mainly on the vegetative stages of fungi by blocking the mycelial growth either inside or on the surface of the host plant.

CAS RN

112281-77-3

EC number

407-760-6

CIPAC number

726

US EPA chemical code

120603

PubChem CID

80277

CLP index number

613-174-00-3

Molecular mass

372.15

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

rac-1-[(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole

IUPAC name

(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

CAS name

1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole

Global Governance status: Listed (✓) under

UK Poisons List Order 1972	Rotterdam Convention	Montreal Protocol
XNo The Poisons List Order 1972	XNo Rotterdam Convention	XNo Montreal Protocol
Stockholm Convention	OSPAR	EU Water Framework Directive
XNo Stockholm Convention	XNo OSPAR	XNo EU Water Framework Directive

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Forever chemical

PFAS

Highly Hazardous Pesticide (HHP)

Type I

Yes [; ]

Type II

Yes [; ]

Other status information

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless, odourless viscous liquid

Commercial

Property

Value

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

Circa 1990, introduced; 2005, first registered US

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

AgriGuard
Isagro
Sipcam
Affiance

Example products using this active

Trident
Eminent 40ME

Formulation and application details

Formulations include microemulsions, typically applied using broadcast air-assisted sprayers

Commercial production

The production of tetraconazole involves a multi-step synthetic route starting from 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid. First, this acid is esterified using methanol and concentrated sulphuric acid under reflux to form the corresponding methyl ester. This intermediate is then reacted with ethyl acrylate and subjected to a series of transformations involving paraformaldehyde, potassium carbonate, and dimethyl sulfoxide at elevated temperatures to build the core side chain. The resulting compound is further modified by introducing the 1,2,4-triazole ring, typically through nucleophilic substitution or condensation reactions, yielding the final active ingredient.

Impact on climate of production and use

Data for the amount of life cycle GHGs produced by tetraconazole are not available in the public domain. However, whilst estimates vary, more general data suggests that between 11 and 30 kilograms of CO₂e is emitted per kilogram of fungicide produced.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C at pH 7 (mg l⁻¹)

156.6

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

300000

Xylene

300000

Acetone

300000

Ethyl acetate

15000

n-Hexane

Melting point (°C)

-33.4

freezing pt

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

235

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

3.63 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.56

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.459

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

0.65

pKa range 0.8-0.5, Strong acid pH 5.Undissociated at pH >2

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

0.18

Low volatility. If applied directly to plants, drift is a concern & mitigation is advisable

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

3.60 X 10^-04

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

281nm < 310, No significant aborption at >290 nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

49.94

at 20°C 111.8mg l⁻¹

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Not readily biodegradable

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

365

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

365

Very persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

44.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

Stable

DT₉₀ (field)

3800

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier 2025 states no degradation during lab studies, field studies DT₅₀ (actual) range 14.49-182 days, DT₉₀ range 309-10000 days, Soils=5

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

5.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 4.0-9.6 days, 7 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=12

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

217

Stable

Note

Not expected to be an important degradation rate

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 4 to pH 9, 120 hrs, also stable at 50 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

339

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1.5

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

10.26

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

890

¹/_n

0.89

Notes and range

EU 2025 dossier kf range 8.53-13.28 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 530-1201 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.88-0.91, Soils=3

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.73

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.33 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

23.25

Calculated using the Atkinson method. EU trigger for long-range transport is DT₅₀ in air <2 days.

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

38.8

Whole fish

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid (Ref: CGA 179944)

Major fraction

0.132

1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)

Major fraction

0.141

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (Ref: M14360-alcohol)

Major fraction

0.282

[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propoxy](difluoro)acetic acid

Major fraction

0.125

1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019)

Minor fraction

0.066

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid (Ref: CGA 179944)

Unknown

1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)

Unknown

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (Ref: M14360-alcohol)

Unknown

[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propoxy](difluoro)acetic acid (Ref: M14360-DFA)

Unknown

1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019)

Unknown

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1,2,4-triazole (Ref: CGA 71019)

Animal; Surface water; Sediment

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid (Ref: CGA 179944)

M14360-acid

Plant; Rat; Surface water; Sediment

2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (Ref: M14360-alcohol)

M14360-alcohol

Plant; Rat; Surface water; Sediment

[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propoxy](difluoro)acetic acid

M14360-DFA

Rat; Plant; Animal; Surface water; Sediment

1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylacetic acid (Ref: CGA 142856)

Plant; Surface water; Sediment

2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid

M14360-lactic acid

Plant

1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one

M14350-ketone

Plant; Animal

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1031

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 0.8

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 10

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

117

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

55.5 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹ dw soil)

2.05

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen transformation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.825 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

10.0

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Vegetative vigour ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 750

10 plant species tested

Seedling emergence ER₅₀ (g ha⁻¹)

> 750

10 plant species tested

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

24.3

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 130

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic 10 day NOED µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

0.32

Apis mellifera

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 96.4

Bombus terrestris

Moderate

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality ER₅₀ & LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Extended lab test

> 124

Chrysoperla carnea

Low

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

= 114

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Low

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹, Std lab test

13.9

Typhlodromus pyri

Moderate

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

4.3

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.3

Pimephales promelas Growth

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 7.28

Danio rerio Embryo

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

3.0

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.19

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.42

Mysidopsis bahia

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

4.45

Chironomus riparius

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic Plants (free-floating, fonds growth, fresh) - 7 day (mg l⁻¹) (ErC₅₀, Static)

1.64

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth rate, fresh) - 14 day (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (72 hr ErC₅₀, Static)

9.98

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic (growth rate, fresh; mg l⁻¹) (72 hr ErC10, Static)

5.55

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Low

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1031

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

> 2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 3.66

Rat 4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.002

Rat SF=300

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.05

Rat SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.002

Rat SF=300

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.6-20.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

List II

Exposure Routes

Public

No unacceptable risks to bystanders identified

Occupational

PPE/PPC considered essential

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

EU expected to amend MRL in early 2023

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Excretion is rapid and mainly via urine, extensively metabolised in animals

Health issues

Specific human health issues (hazard-based)

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Liver toxicant
US EPA - likely to be human carcinogen; CLP data - may cause cancer
Exposure may result in a change to haematological and biochemical parameters
May damage teeth and bones

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302, H332, H373, H350, H360DF
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

tetraconazole

French

tetraconazole

German

Tetraconazol

Danish

tetraconazol

Italian

tetraconazolo

Spanish

tetraconazol

Greek

Polish

tetrakonazol

Swedish

Hungarian

tetrakonazol

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	08/11/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242