Thiacloprid (Ref: YRC 2894)

Thiacloprid (Ref: YRC 2894)	Last updated: 23/10/2024
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Drainflow: Slightly mobile	Ecotoxicity High alert: Birds acute ecotoxicity: High; Birds chronic ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Mammals chronic toxicity: High; Endocrine disrupter; Reproduction/development effects; Neurotoxicant

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A chloronicotinyl insecticide for use on apples and other crops to control sucking and chewing insects

Example pests controlled

Aphids; Pollen beetles; Blossom midge; Codling moth; Wireworm; Fruit fly

Example applications

Apples; Pears; Some citrus crops; Brussel sprouts; Cabbage; Cauliflower; Carrot; Parsnip; Peas; Potato; Oilseed rape

Efficacy & activity

Efficiacy demonstrated by field trials and extensive use

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1999, first registered Brazil; 2003 USA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

GB LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Germany

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Isomeric - exists in the E- and Z- forms. Technical products are predominately comprised of the Z- form.

Chemical formula

C₁₀H₉CIN₄S

Canonical SMILES

C1CSC(=NC#N)N1CC2=CN=C(C=C2)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C10H9ClN4S/c11-9-2-1-8(5-13-9)6-15-3-4-16-10(15)14-7-12/h1-2,5H,3-4,6H2/b14-10-

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
thiacloprid	Unstated isomer

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide, Molluscicide, Other substance

Other bioactivity & uses

Biocide, Wood preservative

Substance groups

Neonicotinoid insecticide; Pyridylmethylamine neonicotinoid insecticide; Thiazolidine insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

975 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU and FAO dossiers - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Contact and stomach action with some systemic properties. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker.

CAS RN

111988-49-9

EC number

601-147-9

CIPAC number

631

US EPA chemical code

014019

PubChem CID

115224

CLP index number

613-325-00-3

Molecular mass

252.72

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

((2Z)-3-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene}cyanamide

IUPAC name

(Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide

CAS name

(Z)-(3-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene)cyanamide

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Physical state

White to beige crystalline powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Bayer CropScience
Scotts
Standon
BOC Sciences

Example products using this active

Biscaya
Calypso
Exemptor
Topstar
Sonido

Formulation and application details

Formulations include seed treatments, oil dispersions, soluble concentrates and granules

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

184

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

100

n-Hexane

300

Xylene

64000

Acetone

9400

Ethyl acetate

Melting point (°C)

134

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

250

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.82 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.26

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Insoluble

Data type

Regulatory data based on LogP

Density (g ml⁻¹)

1.46

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

3.00 X 10^-07

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.8 X 10^-10

calculated

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

From soil surface

24 hr

Volatilisation is not considered critical for air pollution

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

No absorption above 290nm

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

72.9

at 20°C 99%

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

0.88

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

0.88

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

8.1

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

4.3

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

39.2

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU 2017 dossier lab studies DT₅₀ (normalised) range 0.33-2.58 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 1.1-11.1 days, Soils=6; Field studies DT₅₀ (actual) range 5.95-16.8 days, DT₉₀ (actual) range 19.8-55.9 days, Soils=8; Other sources: 15 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

8.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.1-11.3 days, 3 field grown crops, various matrices, n=4

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

3.8

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.7-9.0 days, 9 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=13

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

14.8

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

1000

Stable

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

4.41

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

615

¹/_n

0.875

Notes and range

EU 2017 dossier K_f range 1.14-5.76 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 393-870 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.833-0.914, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

1.10

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.18 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Slightly mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

1.5

Calculated using the Atkinson method

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

thiacloprid-amide (Ref: KK02254)

Major fraction

0.867

thiacloprid sulfonic acid (Ref: BCS-AB54351)

Major fraction

0.197

thiacloprid-des-cyano (Ref: AE 1303449)

Major fraction

0.332

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

YRC 2894-thiadiazine (Ref: BCS-CJ16425)

Not relevant

thiacloprid sulfonic acid (Ref: BCS-AB54351)

Not relevant

thiacloprid-sulfonic acid amide

Not relevant

Other known metabolites

None

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

177

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

> 7.3

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

> 100

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

2.7

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

High

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Serinus canaria

High

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 2250 mg kg feed⁻¹

Coturnix japonica

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

3.73

Anas platyrhynchos NOAEL

High

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

105

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

0.185

Eisenia foetida 56 day

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 2.57 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

38.82

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

17.32

Apis mellifera

Moderate

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic as 10-day LC₅₀ µg bee⁻¹ day⁻¹

3.1

Apis mellifera

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

1.16

Osmia bicornis

Moderate

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

0.007

Nannotrigona perilampoides

High

Mode of exposure

Contact

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds) as Mortality ER₅₀ g ha⁻¹

< 3.125

Coccinella septempunctata

Beneficial insects (Lacewings) as Mortality ER₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 124.3

Chrysoperla carnea

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality ER₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 0.4

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality ER₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 0.33

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 90.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.17

Pimephales promelas 33 day

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 85.1

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.58

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.81

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0006

Mysidopsis bahia EC10

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.0108

Chironomus dilutus

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.00019

Chironomus riparius

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

0.00063

Chironomus riparius

High

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

95.4

Lemna gibba

Low

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

60.6

Selenastrum capricornutum

Low

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.0016

Chironomus dilutus

Moderate

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves – Acute EC₅₀ development (mg l⁻¹)

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

177

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 1.2

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.01

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.02

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.03

Rat SF=100

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.02

Dermal penetration studies (%)

1.0-14.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Minimal risk from dietary exposure
Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded

Occupational

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Modification of MRL antcipated by mid-2025

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

General human health issues

Possible liver and thyroid toxicant
US EPA - likely to be a human carcinogen; CLP data - suspected carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 6.1
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H301, H332, H336, H351, H360fd
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

II (Moderately hazardous)

UN Number

UN2811

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Limited shelf-life.

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

thiacloprid

French

thiacloprid

German

Thiacloprid

Danish

thiacloprid

Italian

tiacloprid

Spanish

tiacloprid

Greek

Polish

tiachlopryd

Swedish

tiakloprid

Hungarian

tiakloprid

Dutch

thiacloprid

Norwegian

Record last updated:	23/10/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242