acephate |
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SUMMARY
Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that does not have approval for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water and most organic solvents, and is volatile. It is not expected to leach to groundwater. Whilst it is mobile, it tends not to be persistence in soil or aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and has a low potential for bioaccumulation. Acephate is also a recognised irritant. It is has a moderate to low toxicity to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms. GENERAL INFORMATION
for acephate
Description: An organophosphate insecticide used normally as a foliar spray to control chewing and sucking insects
Example pests controlled: Aphids; Leaf miners; Lepidopterous larvae; Sawflies; Thrips
Example applications: Fruit; Vegetables; Potatoes; Sugarbeet; Vines; Rice; Hops; Ornamentals; Greenhouse crops including peppers, cucumbers
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: circa 1970
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
Status | Not approved |
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Italy |
Date inclusion expires | Expired |
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use () or known to be used (
) in the following European countries:
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
Also used in: Australia, USA
Isomerism | Chiral, existing in the S- and R-forms |
Chemical formula | C4H10NO3PS |
Canonical SMILES | CC(=O)NP(=O)(OC)SC |
Isomeric SMILES | No data |
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) |
2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
Pesticide type | Insecticide | |
Substance group | Organophosphate | |
Minimum active substance purity | - | |
Known relevant impurities | - | |
Substance origin | Synthetic | |
Mode of action | Broad-spectrum, contact and ingestion systemic action. Weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. | |
CAS RN | 30560-19-1 | |
EC number | 250-241-2 | |
CIPAC number | 338 | |
US EPA chemical code | 103301 | |
PubChem CID | 1982 | |
Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 183.17 | |
PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | (E)-(O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) | |
IUPAC name | (RS)-N-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinoyl]acetamide | |
CAS name | O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate | |
Other status information | Potential groundwater contaminant; Chemical subject to PIC regulations | |
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 1B | |
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
Examples of recorded resistance | Adoxophyes orana Aphis gossypii Myzus persicae Phorodon humuli Trialeurodes vaporariorum Lygus lineolaris plus others |
|
Physical state | Colourless/white solid | |
Related substances & organisms |
Formulations:
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for acephate
Key metabolites:
Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy ![]() |
|
methamidophos (Ref: ENT 27396) | Soil | - | - |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for acephate
General:
Property ![]() |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information ![]() |
Interpretation ![]() |
|
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) ![]() |
High (class III) | - | - | |
Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 945 | F4 Rat | Moderate | |
Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 10000 | L3 Rat | - | |
Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | 15.0 | L3 Rat | - | |
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.03 | JMPR 2005 | - | |
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.1 | JMPR 2005 | - | |
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | List I; List II | - | - | |
Exposure Routes | Public | Dermal route highest risk Minimal risk of dietary exposure Small risk of exposure in food and water from metabolite methamidophos Source: US EPA |
||
Occupational | Possible exposure via inhalation and dermal contact Source: US EPA |
|||
European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - |
Health issues:
Carcinogen | Genotoxic | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
A3; B0; C0; D0; E3 | - |
|||||||
Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
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General human health issues | USEPA - possible human carcinogen Endocrine issues - Disruption of hormone expression in the hypothalamus |
|||||||
Key: Genotoxicity A: Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) B: DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) C: Gene mutation (EFSA database) D: Genome mutation (EFSA database) E: Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0: No data 1: Positive 2: Mixed/ambiguous results 3: Negative |
Key: Other![]() ![]() ![]() - : No data found |
Handling issues:
Language | Name |
English | acephate |
French | acéphate |
German | Acephat |
Danish | acephat |
Italian | acefate |
Spanish | acefato |
Greek | - |
Slovenian | acefat |
Polish | acefat |
Swedish | - |
Hungarian | acefat |
Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Monday 11 November 2019
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk