Bromophos

Bromophos	Last updated: 15/09/2021
(Also known as: bromofos; ENT 27162)

SUMMARY

Bromophios is an obsolete organophosphate insecticide. It ha a low aqueous solubility and is quite volatile. It is not generally persistent in soil systems but has the potential to leach to groundwater. It is highly toxic to honeybees and aquatic invertebrates but slightly less so to most other species. Bromophos is moderately toxic to mammals if ingested.

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: GUS: High leachability; Drainflow: Mobile Warning: Significant data are missing	Ecotoxicity High alert: Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High	Human health High alert: Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

An obsolete organophosphate, broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide to control biting and sucking pests usually used as the ethyl variant

Example pests controlled

Granary weevil; Mirids; Aphids; Sawflies; Fruit flies; Beetles; Whiteflies; Cabbage root fly; Beet leaf miner; Onion fly.

Example applications

Stored wheat grain; Maize; Rice; Cotton; Fruit; Forestry

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Considered obsolete but may be available in some countries

Introduction & key dates

circa 1973

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Not applicable

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Additional information

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

None

Chemical formula

C₈H₈BrCl₂O₃PS

Canonical SMILES

COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Br)Cl

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

NYQDCVLCJXRDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C8H8BrCl2O3PS/c1-12-15(16,13-2)14-8-4-6(10)5(9)3-7(8)11/h3-4H,1-2H3

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
bromophos	-

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide

Substance group

Organophosphate

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Broad-spectrum, non-systemic with contact and stomach action

CAS RN

2104-96-3

EC number

218-277-3

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

008706

PubChem CID

16422

Molecular mass

366.00

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate

IUPAC name

O-4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate

CAS name

O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate

Other status information

OSPAR soc; PAN Bad Actor Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Aedes caspius, Culex pipiens pipiens, Meligethes aeneus, Anopheles multicolor, Lucilla sericata, plus others

Physical state

Yellowish crystals

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Boehringer

Example products using this active

Nexion
Omexan
Brofene

Formulation and application details

Available in a variety of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, fogs and granules.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

at 25 °C

Low

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.62 X 10⁰⁵

Calculated

Log P

5.21

High

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

17.07

at 25 °C

Highly volatile

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

2.08 X 10⁰¹

at 25 °C

Moderately volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

1.4

Note

Clover leaves, n=1

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

0.35

Note

Tomato leaves, n=1

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Moderately fast

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

Mobile

K_oc

Notes and range

Best available data

Freundlich

K_f

K_foc

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

3.72

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

5.06 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

4.47

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1600

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 200

Unknown species

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.18

Unknown species

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.0086

Unknown species

High

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.23

Unknown species

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 0.44

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 85

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Harmful

Typhlodromus pyri

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

% Effect

Harmful

Chrysoperla carnea

Soil micro-organisms

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1600

Rat

Moderate

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.04

JMPR 1977

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Since bromophos is no longer used as an insecticide in developed world exposure of the general population is expected to be low

Occupational

May be absorbed through intact skin as well as by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Slightly toxic

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Incompatible with sulphur containing substances and organometallic compounds

CLP classification 2013

Health: H302
Environment: H400, H410

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R22
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S2, S36, S60, S61

WHO Classification

O (Obsolete substance)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

bromophos

French

bromophos

German

Bromophos

Danish

bromphos

Italian

bromofos

Spanish

bromofos

Greek

Polish

bromofos

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

bromofos

Record last updated:	15/09/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242