Dexamethasone |
Last updated: 02/02/2024 |
(Also known as: fluormethylprednisolone) |
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An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid veterinary drug | |
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Current | |
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Used, for example, for the control of CNS inflammation in dogs and cats and for the treatment of primary bovine ketosis. | |
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Cattle; Horses; Lamas; Elephants; Pigs; Dogs; Cats |
Approval status |
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Approved | |
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Approved |
Chemical structure |
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Isomeric | |
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C₂₂H₂₉FO₅ | |
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CC1CC2C3CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC4(C3(C(CC2(C1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F)C | |
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C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]4([C@]3([C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]1(C(=O)CO)O)C)O)F)C | |
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UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1 | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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dexamethasone | - |
General status |
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Anti-inflammatory | |
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Corticosteroid | |
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Synthetic | |
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Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds to specific cytoplasmic receptors leading to a reduction in inflammation | |
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[Glucocorticoid receptor, Agonist], [Nuclear receptor 0B1, stimulator], [Annexin A1, stimulator], [Nitric oxide synthase, inducible, Negative modulator] | |
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50-02-2 | |
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200-003-9 | |
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Alimentary tract & metabolism; Cardiovascular system; Dematologicals; Systemic hormone preparations excluding sex hormones & insulins; Respiratory system; Sensory organs | |
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QA01AC02; QC05AA09; QD07AB19; QH02AB02; QR01AD03; QS01BA01; QS02BA06; QS03BA01 | |
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No | |
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Allowed substance (Table 1 Bovine, Caprine, Porcine, Equidae) | |
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392.46 | |
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8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17R)-9- fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16- trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17- dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | |
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1-dehydro-16α-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisone | |
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White crystalline powder |
Formulations |
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Colvasone 0.2% w/v Solution for injection | Norbrook Laboratories Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | ||||||
Dexafort Suspension for Injection | MSD Animal Health Ltd | UK National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Marbodex Aurl Ear Drops | Norbrook Laboratories Ltd | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
Trovex Solution for Injection | Emdoka bvba | GB National authorisation | Prescription only medicine to be authorised by a veterinarian (POM-V) | |||||||
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Available in a variety of formulations including solutions for injection, chewable tables and dropper suspension solutions as ear drops |
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89 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1000 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Ethanol3 = Unverified data of known source |
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262 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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568 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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279.5 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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6.76 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.83 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low | ||||||||
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1.32 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.18 X 10-08 | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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Contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290nm | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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1.591 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Degradation |
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As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below. | ||||||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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Fate indices |
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Known soil and groundwater metabolites |
None
Other known metabolites |
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6-beta-hydroxydexamethasone | - | Human (Liver) | - |
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Terrestrial ecotoxicology |
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> 3000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
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Aquatic ecotoxicology |
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0.05 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Danio rerio EC₅₀ Larva3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 3000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents / FAO data, IPCS INCHEM data (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 54 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Subcutaneous LD₅₀ = 14 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID Online Databases; Chemspider; PubChem. (ChemID ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Metablised and around 30% excreted in the urine within 4 days. Also excreted in human breast milk. | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous data from online sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Health issues |
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May cause hypertension May cause retinal toxicity, glaucoma & subcapsular cataract May cause delayed wound healing, atrophy & skin fragility |
Handling issues |
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Emits toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride when heated to decomposition | |||
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Not listed (Not listed) | |||
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dexamethasone | ||
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dexametasona | ||
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Record last updated: | 02/02/2024 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |