Colistimethate sodium

Colistimethate sodium	Last updated: 01/02/2024
(Also known as: colimycin; colimyscine)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A broad-spectrum polymyxin antibiotic active against most aerobic gram-negative bacteria

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1995, first used in human medicine

Examples of veterinary uses

Used for the treatment of colibacillosis in chicks

Examples of species treated

Chickens

Approval status

VMR 2013/2033 approval status (GB/UK)

Not approved

EU Regulatory approval status

Not approved

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₅₈H₁₀₅N₁₆Na₅O₂₈S₅

Canonical SMILES

[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC1=O)C(C)O

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

QWHCHZFYPIVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-I

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C58H110N16O28S5.5Na/c1-9-35(6)12-10-11-13-46(77)65-38(14-20-59-28-103(88,89)90)53(82)74-48(37(8)76)58(87)70-41(17-23-62-31-106(97,98)99)50(79)68-43-19-25-64-57(86)47(36(7)75)73-54(83)42(18-24-63-32-107(100,101)102)67-49(78)39(15-21-60-29-104(91,92)93)69-55(84)44(26-33(2)3)72-56(85)45(27-34(4)5)71-52(81)40(66-51(43)80)16-22-61-30-105(94,95)96;;;;;/h33-45,47-48,59-63,75-76H,9-32H2,1-8H3,(H,64,86)(H,65,77)(H,66,80)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)(H,69,84)(H,70,87)(H,71,81)(H,72,85)(H,73,83)(H,74,82)(H,88,89,90)(H,91,92,93)(H,94,95,96)(H,97,98,99)(H,100,101,102);;;;;/q;5*+1/p-5

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Veterinary substance type

Medicinal drug

Substance groups

Cyclic polypeptide

Minimum active substance purity

Known relevant impurities

Substance origin

Snythetic

Mode of action

Disrupts the bacterial cell membrane

Molecular targets

[Lipid A, Binder]

CAS RN

8068-28-8

EC number

532-516-9

CIPAC number

US EPA chemical code

PubChem CID

7849111

Therapeutic Class

Antiinfectives and/or antiseptics, combinations for intrauterine use: Ampicillin and colistin

ATCvet Code

QG51AG07

Controlled Drug?

Regulation 37/2010 MRL Classification

Molecular mass

1749.81

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

IUPAC name

pentasodium [(3-{3-hydroxy-2-[2-(6-methyloctanamido)-4-[(sulfonatomethyl)amino]butanamido]butanamido}-3-{[3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-6,9,18-tris({2-[(sulfonatomethyl)amino]ethyl})-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclotricosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}propyl)amino]methanesulfonate

CAS name

Other status information

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Physical state

Fine white powder

Related substances & organisms

colistin sulphate

Formulations

Property

Product

Manufacturer

Authorisation Route

Legal Class (GB/UK)

Example products (past and present) using this active

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as a solution for injection

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

450000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

Melting point (°C)

Boiling point (°C)

Degradation point (°C)

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.00 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Log P

1.0

Kow <10

Low

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Data type

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

11.53

colistin

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

Refractive Index

Environmental release

The major route of introduction of colistin to the environment is via faecal matter and manure from treated birds

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

21.5

as colistin

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₅₀ (field)

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

DT₉₀ (field)

Note

Literature suggests DT₅₀ range 13.2-29.7 days

Manure DT₅₀ (days)

Data suggests that total colistin in soil/manure would be mineralised within 21 days

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Note

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

8306

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

652913

Notes and range

USEPA data: K_d range 4452-11583 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 545647-866183 mL g⁻¹, Soils=3; Chicken manure K_d=519 mL g⁻¹, K_oc=1472 mL g⁻¹

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

¹/_n

Notes and range

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

-2.42

Calculated

Low leachability

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

CT₅₀ (days)

Known soil and groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

colistin

Chicken

1.00

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Soil micro-organisms

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps)

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites)

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dermal penetration studies (%)

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Colistimethate sodium is completely metabolised to colistin prior to excretion

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

May irritate gastic function

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

No information available

CLP classification 2013

Health: H361, H362

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

Not registered

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

Store at 20-25 DegC and protect from light

TRANSLATIONS

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English

colistimethate sodium

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Record last updated:	01/02/2024
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242