| acequinocyl |
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SUMMARY
Acequinocyl is an acaricide that is currently being evaluated for EU use. It is not highly soluble in water but is highly soluble in most organic solvents. It is volatile. It is not expected to leach to groundwater. It is not mobile and tends not to be persistence in soil or aquatic systems. It has a low mammalian toxicity and there is some concern regarding its potential for bioaccumulation. Acequinocyl is moderately toxic to birds, fish, honeybees and earthworms and highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for acequinocyl
Description: An unclassified acaricide effective against all mite development stages on, for example, ornamentals and top fruit
Example pests controlled: Mites including spider mites, spruce spider mite and red palm mite; Ticks
Example applications: Greenhouse crops; Ornamentals; Nursery crops; Fruits including strawberries, apples, pears, apricots, plums, grapes, citrus; Tree nuts; Pistachios
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1999, Japan and Korea
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Netherlands |
| Date inclusion expires | 31/08/2024 |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | No |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: USA
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | None |
| Chemical formula | C24H32O4 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)OC(=O)C |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | QDRXWCAVUNHOGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C24H32O4/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-17-21-22(26)19-15-13-14-16-20(19)23(27)24(21)28-18(2)25/h13-16H,3-12,17H2,1-2H3 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Acaricide | |||
| Substance group | Unclassified | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | 96% | |||
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Mainly contact action but some via ingestion. Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor. | |||
| CAS RN | 57960-19-7 | |||
| EC number | - | |||
| CIPAC number | 760 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 006329 | |||
| PubChem CID | 93315 | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 384.51 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | 3-dodecyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl acetate | |||
| IUPAC name | 3-dodecyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthyl acetate | |||
| CAS name | 2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalenedione | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 20B | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Plutella xylostella | |||
| Physical state | Pale yellow to light brown powdery flakes | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically | - | |||
| Example products using this active |
|
|||
| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Foliar spray application. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for acequinocyl
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.007 | A5 | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 250000 | A5 - Xylene | - | |
| 250000 | A5 - Dichloroethane | - | ||
| 29200 | A5 - 1-Octanol | - | ||
| 6100 | A5 - Methanol | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 59.6 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 200 | L3 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.58 X 1006 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 6.2 | A5 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.13 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | Not applicable | A5 | - | |
| Note: No dissociation | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 1.69 X 10-03 | A5 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 9.7 X 10-02 | A5 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
-0.30 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 5.35 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g-1 are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | Acidic solution: 242nm = 16524, 248nm = 16989, 270nm = 13905, 335nm = 2836; [Neutral solution: 242nm = 16582, 248nm = 16873, 270nm = 13207, 271nm = 2851; [Basic solution: 232nm = 19055, 245nm = 13149, 275nm = 2172, 362nm = 8999 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 2.0 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 2.0 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 0.1 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 6.3 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU dossier lab studies DT50 range 1.1-2.7 days, DT90 3.6-8.9 days; field studies DT50 range 2-3 hours; Other sources: pH sensitive. DT50 in alkaline soils < 2 days | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 1.6 | R3 | - |
| Note | Perilla leaves, n=1 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 0.02 | A5 | Fast |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | 2.2 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| Note | DT50 pH sensitive: 74 days at pH 4, 67 minutes at pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 0.45 | A5 | Fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 0.5 | A5 | Fast | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | 1027 | A5 | Non-mobile |
| Koc | 66033 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Kd range 678-1620 mL/g, Koc range 3390-123000 mL/g (later dossier gives range as 39900-123000 mL/g), Soils=4 | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | Non-mobile |
| Kfoc | 100666 | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone |
Soil | 0.338 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
| 2-(1',2'-dioxotetradecyl)benzoic acid (Ref: AKM-18) |
Soil | 0.219 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| 2-(carboxycarbonyl)benzoic acid Note: Low risk to fish |
CBAA | Surface Water | 0.11 | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 366 | A5 | Threshold for concern |
| CT50 (days) | 0.7 | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 4855 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 9 | L2 Rat | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1942 | A5 Anas platyrhynchos | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | > 847 mg kg bw-1 day-1 | A5 Coturnix japonica | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 100 | L3 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Low | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 0.0039 | A5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.00098 | A5 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | 0.00093 | A5 Americamysis bahia | High | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | 0.479 | A5 Chironomus riparius | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | A5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | A5 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | A5 | Low | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 0 | Mortality Dose: 1.05 kg ha-1 A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi |
- | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | 8.52 | Mortality Dose: 0.3 kg ha-1 A5 Typhlodromus pyri |
- | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: 5.25 kg ha-1 |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for acequinocyl
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
Intermediate (class II) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 4855 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 0.84 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (aerosol, nose only) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.023 | A3 proposed Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.08 | A3 proposed Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.014 | A3 proposed Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 16.7 | A4 | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Exposure by any route is unlikely Source: US EPA/A5 |
||
| Occupational | Small risk of dermal short-term exposure Risk of chronic exposure is low Source: US EPA/A5 |
|||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Blood toxicant | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
No information available | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H370, H317; H373 Environment: H400, H410 |
|||
| EC Risk Classification |
T - Toxic: R39/23 Xn - Harmful: R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
- | |||
| WHO Classification | NL | - | Not listed | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | No consensus across products or no products available | - | - | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | acequinocyl |
| French | acequinocyl |
| German | Acequinocyl |
| Danish | acequinocyl |
| Italian | acequinocil |
| Spanish | acequinocil |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | acekvinocil |
| Polish | acekwinocyl |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Thursday 23 August 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk