Camphechlor (Ref: Hercules 3956) |
![]() Last updated: 03/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: toxaphene; polychlorocamphene; chlorocamphene; toxafeen; octachlorocamphene) |
SUMMARY |
Camphechlor is an obsolete insecticide and acaricide that is not approved for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility, is quite volatile and moderately mobile. Based on its chemical properties, it has a high risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not expected to be persistent in soil but may be persistent in water systems. Camphechlor is highly toxic to mammals and is likely to bioaccumulate. It is highly toxic to birds and most aquatic organisms. |
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An obsolete insecticide that was often used in conjunction with other active substances to control a wide range on insects on crops and livestock | |
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Lygus bugs; Aphids; Spidermites; Ticks; Fleas; Mange mites; Lice; Scab mites; Grasshoppers; Armyworms; Cutworms | |
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Cotton; Ornamentals; Pineapples; Corn and small grains; Vegetables; Oilseeds; Livestock | |
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Obsolete/Banned | |
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1947, first developed |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Expired | ||
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No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Expired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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A chiral molecule | |
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C₁₀H₁₀Cl₈ | |
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C1C2C(C(C(C1(Cl)Cl)(C2(CCl)C(Cl)Cl)CCl)Cl)Cl | |
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No data | |
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YNEKMCSWRMRXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C10H10Cl8/c11-2-8(7(15)16)4-1-10(17,18)9(8,3-12)6(14)5(4)13/h4-7H,1-3H2 | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance | |
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Chlorinated hydrocarbon | |
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Synthetic | |
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A non-systemic contact and stomach insecticide. It acts on the neurons, causing an imbalance in sodium and potassium ions, similar to that of the cyclodiene insecticides. | |
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8001-35-2 | |
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232-283-3 | |
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23 | |
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080501 | |
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58167 | |
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413.96 | |
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reaction mixture of chlorinated camphenes containing 67–69% chlorine | |
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2,2,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-Octachlorobornane | |
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Chemical subject to PIC regulations; OSPAR soc; POP - regulated by Stockholm Convention; Severe Marine Pollutant; Rotterdam Convention (Class O) | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not known | |
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Not applicable | |
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Yellow to amber waxy solid |
Formulations |
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Usually formulated as a wettable power, dust or emulsifiable concentrate |
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3.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
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4500000 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) Benzene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4500000 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) Carbon tetrachloride3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4500000 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) Xylene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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2800000 | CA3 CA = Medical and toxicological databases and information systems e.g. TOXNET (click here ) Kerosene3 = Unverified data of known source |
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78 | V2 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Range 65-902 = Unverified data of unknown source |
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2.00 X 1003 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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3.3 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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1.65 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
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0.67 | Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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6.08 X 10-01 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderately volatile | ||||||||
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Degradation |
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365 | L1 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 1 = Estimated data with little or no verification |
Very persistent | |||||||
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9 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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Literature sources highly variable: DT₅₀ 2 months and 14 years; US sources: 9 days (DW3, US3); Field DT₅₀ 9 to 500 days (R3) | ||||||||||
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3.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.6-5.0 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=4 | ||||||||||
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12.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.3-25.2 days, 4 field crops, various matrices, n=7 | ||||||||||
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Stable | R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Stable | |||||||
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | F2 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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Literature range for log Koc = 2.47-5.00; Other sources: Koc 100000 mL g⁻¹ (US2) | ||||||||||
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Fate indices |
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1.46 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1.86 X 10-02 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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76000 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
High potential | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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50 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 15 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Anas platyrhynchos3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.0044 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Lepomis macrochirus4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.00005 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Ictalurus punctatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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0.0141 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.016 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Daphnia magna4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.0021 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Americamysis bahia3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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> 0.38 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.144 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | |||||||
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> 19.1 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Apis mellifera3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.216 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Megachile rotundata4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Contact | ||||||||||
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0.0023 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Nomia melanderi4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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50 | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
High | ||||||||
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Possible risk via food contamination | |||||||||
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Absorbed by the intact skin and from the gastrointestinal tract | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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IARC group 2B carcinogen Ingestion may be fatal May cause convulsions Potential kidney toxicant May cause allergic bronchopneumonia Endocrine issues - Increase of estrogen-sensitive cells proliferation |
Handling issues |
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Corrosive Not compatible with strongly alkaline pesticides |
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Health: H301, H312, H315, H335, H351 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Carcinogen category 3: R40 T - Toxic: R25 Xn - Harmful: R21 Xi - Irritant: R40 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S1/2, S36/37, S45, S61, S60 | |||
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O (Obsolete substance) | |||
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camphechlor | ||
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bamphéchlore | ||
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Camphechlor | ||
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camphechlor, toxaphen | ||
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camfeclor | ||
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camfeclor | ||
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kamfechlor | ||
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toxafeen |
Record last updated: | 03/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |