Spinetoram (Ref: XDE-175)

Spinetoram (Ref: XDE-175)	Last updated: 08/02/2025
(Also known as: X574175; DE-175; GF-1587; GF-1640; spinotoram J; XR-175)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate Moderate alert: Potential for particle bound transport: Medium	Ecotoxicity High alert: Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute contact ecotoxicity: High; Bees acute oral ecotoxicity: High	Human health Moderate alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A mixture of two natural fermentation-derived components with activity against a wide range of common insect pests

Example pests controlled

Apple moth; Grapevine moth; Codling moth; Oriental fruit moth; Western flower thrip; Pear & cherry slug

Example applications

Fruit including grapes, apples, pears, apricots, cherries, plums, peaches

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2007, first registered USA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Withdrawn

GB LERAP status

Check label - may vary with formulation

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Spain

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
	✓	✓	✓		✓			✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
		✓	✓	✓				✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓	✓	✓	✓		✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

USA; Egypt; Morocco

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Spinetoram technical material is a mixture of XDE-175-J & XDE-175-L in the approx ratio 3:1. These substances are not isomers but known as 'factors'. XDE-175-J contains an extra methyl group. However both substances have multiple chiral centers.

Chemical formula

C₄₂H₆₉NO₁₀ / C₄₃H₆₉NO₁₀

Canonical SMILES

CCC1CCCC(C(C(=O)C2=CC3C(C2CC(=O)O1)CCC4C3CC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C)OC)OCC)OC)C)OC6CCC(C(O6)C)N(C)C

Isomeric SMILES

CC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)C2=C[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]2CC(=O)O1)CC[C@H]4[C@H]3C[C@@H](C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)OC)OCC)OC)C)O[C@H]6CC[C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)N(C)C

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

GOENIMGKWNZVDA-RWGFPKGXSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C42H69NO10/c1-10-27-13-12-14-35(53-37-18-17-34(43(6)7)24(4)49-37)23(3)38(45)33-21-31-29(32(33)22-36(44)51-27)16-15-26-19-28(20-30(26)31)52-42-41(47-9)40(48-11-2)39(46-8)25(5)50-42/h21,23-32,34-35,37,39-42H,10-20,22H2,1-9H3/t23-,24-,25+,26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31-,32+,34+,35+,37+,39+,40-,41-,42+/m1/s1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Insecticide

Substance groups

Spinosyn insecticide

Minimum active substance purity

830 g/Kg

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - none declared

Substance origin

Semi-synthetic

Mode of action

Shows high residual, contact and ingestion activity. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blocker - site I

CAS RN

935545-74-7

Alternative/old CAS RN

187166-40-1 [J]; 187166-15-0 [L]

EC number

803-245-9

CIPAC number

802

US EPA chemical code

110008 / 110009

PubChem CID

53297414

Molecular mass

754.0 (mean)

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

Mixture of 50-90% (2R,3aR,5aR,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-(6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-?-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methylpyran-2-yloxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione

IUPAC name

CAS name

Mixture of 50-90% (2R,3aR,5aR,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-((6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-?-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-13-(((2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-indaceno(3,2-d)oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione

Other status information

PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Off-white solid

Related substances & organisms

spinetoram J

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Dow AgroSciences

Example products using this active

Delegate
Radiant

Formulation and application details

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

29.0

(component mean)

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

250000

Methanol

250000

Acetone

250000

Xylene

61000

n-Heptane

Melting point (°C)

107.1

143.4 / 70.8

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

293

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.58 X 10⁰⁴

Calculated

Log P

4.2

4.09 / 4.49

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

7.7

7.86 / 7.59 Weak acid

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

5.7 X 10^-02

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

4.0 X 10^-03

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

XDE-175-J Neutral soln.: 245nm=12200
Acidic soln.: 247nm=12400
Basic soln.: 247nm=12400; XDE-175-L Neutral soln.: 243nm=11100
Acidic soln.: 203nm=9800, 245nm=11400
Basic soln.: 244nm=11200

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

54.0

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

16.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

16.1

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

2.8

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

87.0

Moderately persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

31.1

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 5-86.9 days, DT₉₀ range 27.1-420.0 days, additional study 72881 days; Field studies XDE-175-J: DT₅₀ range 0.03-2.49 days, DT₉₀ 1.6-25.7, XDE-175-L: DT₅₀ range 0.07-2.0, DT₉₀ range 0.51-7.91 days; Manufacturer published data gives field studies DT₅₀ 3-5 days, lab studies DT₅₀ 13-21 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

1.7

Note

Published literature RL₅₀ range 0.7-2.62 days, 2 field crops, n=2

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

0.4

Fast

Note

DT₅₀ 0.3-0.5 days summer sunlight 40 Deg N

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable pH 5 to pH 9 at 25 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

273

Slow

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

5.1

Moderately fast

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

37.3

Non-mobile

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

22836

Notes and range

EU dossier K_d range 12-61 mL g⁻¹, K_oc range 1470-5490, soils=10; Manufacturer published data K_oc = 1800-43873 mL g⁻¹

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

Slightly mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

2544

¹/_n

0.949

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 8.6-43.8 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 1263-6257 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.83-1.11, Soils=10

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

0.27

Calculated

Low leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

1.05 X 10^-03

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Non-mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

114

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

4.6

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

N-succinyl-spinetoram-J

Minor fraction

0.089

N-succinyl-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.163

N-demethyl-spinetoram-J

Major fraction

0.697

N-demethyl-N-nitroso-spinetoram-J

Major fraction

0.196

N-demethyl-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.438

N-demethyl-N-nitroso-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.136

N-succinyl-spinetoram-J

Minor fraction

0.089

N-succinyl-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.163

N-demethyl-spinetoram-J

Major fraction

0.697

N-demethyl-N-nitroso-spinetoram-J

Major fraction

0.196

N-demethyl-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.438

N-demethyl-N-nitroso-spinetoram-L

Major fraction

0.136

Known groundwater metabolites

None

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

C17-pseudoaglycone-175-J

Plant

C17-pseudoaglycone-175-L

Plant

13,14-beta-dihydro-C17-pseudoaglycone-175-L

Surface water (photolysis)

sulfate-aglycone-175-J

Rat

GSH-hydroxy-C9-pseudoaglycone-175-J

Rat

N-acetyl-cysteine-C9-ketospseudoaglycone-175-J

Rat

glucuronamide-C9-pseudoaglycone-175-L

Rat

GSH-N-demethyl-175-J

Rat

GSH-N-demethyl-175-J

Rat

N-formyl-175-J

Plant

N-formyl-175-L

Plant

2-O-demethyl-175-J

Sediment; Animal

2-O-demethyl-175-L

Sediment; Animal

3-O-deethyl-175-J

Plant; Rat; Animal

3-O-deethyl-175-L

Plant; Rat; Animal

GSH-3-O-deethyl-175-J

Rat

cysteine-3-O-deethyl-175-J

Rat

cysteine-3-O-deethyl-175-L

Rat

4-O-demethyl-175-J

Sediment; Hen

cysteine-XDE-175--J

Rat

cysteine-XDE-175-spinetoram-L

Rat

GSH-hydroxy-XDE-175-J

Rat

cysteine-hydroxy-XDE-175-J

Rat

4-O-demethyl-175-L

Hen

C9-pseudoaglycone-175-J

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2250

Anas platyrhynchos

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 5620 mg kg feed⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos 32 day

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 500

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

9.33

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 4 mg kg⁻¹ 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.024

Apis mellifera

High

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

0.14

Apis mellifera

High

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

[The residual time to 25% mortality (RT25) value for honeybees is 3 hrs - USEPA data]

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 120

Bombus terrestris

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

4.97

Bombus terrestris

Moderate

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

0.0885

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

0.132

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

2.69

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.182

Pimephales promelas

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.228

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.00156

Daphnia magna Growth

High

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

0.00075

Chironomus riparius

High

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (free-floating, growth) - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

14.2

Lemna gibba

Low

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth) - Acute 14 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

0.0779

Navicula pelliculosa

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

5000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.0

Rat 4 hr

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.025

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.1

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.0065

Dermal penetration studies (%)

5-11

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for proposed uses

Occupational

Acceptable for proposed uses

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

GB MRL levels for lettuce subject to change in May 2023

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Extensively metabolised. 85% eliminated via the faeces majority of which is lost in the first 24 hrs

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

No data found

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Potential for slow accumulation in the body
Possible thyroid toxicant
Weak sensitiser

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317, H361
Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

spinetoram

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

espinetoram

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	08/02/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242