Prodiamine (Ref: SAN 745H)	Last updated: 04/01/2021
(Also known as: BRN 2181386; USB 3153)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	Used to control annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in non-food crops
Example pests controlled	Annual grasses including bermuda grass, buffalo grass, fine fescue; creeping bentgrass, barnyard grass; Borad-leaved weeds including chickweed, carpet weed, knotweed, purslane, shepherd's purse
Example applications	Turf; Ornamentals; Nursery stock; Lanscaped areas; Non-cropped areas
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Unknown
Introduction & key dates	1987

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Not applicable
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Directive 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	No
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	-
Chemical formula	C₁₃H₁₇F₃N₄O₄
Canonical SMILES	CCCN(CCC)C1=C(C=C(C(=C1[N+](=O)[O-])N)C(F)(F)F)[N+](=O)[O-]
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	RSVPPPHXAASNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C13H17F3N4O4/c1-3-5-18(6-4-2)11-9(19(21)22)7-8(13(14,15)16)10(17)12(11)20(23)24/h7H,3-6,17H2,1-2H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Herbicide
Substance group	Dinitroaniline
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Selective, acts via inhibition of microtubule formation, disrupting cell division and so growth
CAS RN	29091-21-2
EC number	249-421-3
CIPAC number	None allocated
US EPA chemical code	110201
PubChem CID	34469
Molecular mass	350.29
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	2,6-dinitro-N1,N1-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1,3-diamine
IUPAC name	5-dipropylamino-α,α,α-trifluoro-4,6-dinitro-o-toluidine
CAS name	2,4-dinitro-N3,N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine
Other status information	Marine pollutant
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	K1
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	3
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Yellow powder
Related substances & organisms	kaolin glyphosate

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	MannaPro Factor Cavalcade Barricade
Example products using this active	Syngenta Nufarm Makhteshim Agan Sipcam
Formulation and application details	Usually supplied as water dispersible granule and flowable concentrates

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		0.013	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		226000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Acetone	-
		74000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Benzene	-
		7000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol	-
		35400	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Xylene	-
Melting point (°C)		123	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		Decomposes before boiling	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Degradation point (°C)		240	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Flashpoint (°C)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	1.26 X 1004	Calculated	-
	Log P	4.10	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.41	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		11.5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
		Very weak acid
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.0033	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		8.89 X 10-02	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	120	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	69	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately persistent
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	General literature DT₅₀ range 60-80 days; US sources: DT₅₀ 120 days (US3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	4.6	R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Note	Tall fescue grass, n=1
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-mobile
	Koc	12710
	Notes and range	General literature Koc range 19540 (sand), 12860 (sandy loam), 5440 (loam) mL g⁻¹; US sources: 13000 mL g⁻¹ (US3)
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		-0.19	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	5.35 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW
Potential for particle bound transport index		High	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Non-mobile	Calculated	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	Low risk	E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low risk
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	6.0	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	High
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2250	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Coturnix japonica	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.829	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	Moderate
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.012	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss growth	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.658	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.023	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna growth	Moderate
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		2.1	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Americamysis bahia	Moderate
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		0.003	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Unknown species	High
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	> 100	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 1000	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data Eisenia foetida	Low
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		2000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.00026	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor ?Possibly, status not identified A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data ?Possibly, status not identified Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ?Possibly, status not identified XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		Possible liver and thyroid toxicant; USEPA - probable human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	IMDG transport code 9
CLP classification 2013	-
EC Risk Classification	Xi - Irritant: R36/38
EC Safety Classification	-
WHO Classification	U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number	3077
Waste disposal & packaging	Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	prodiamine
French	-
German	-
Danish	-
Italian	-
Spanish	-
Greek	-
Polish	prodiamina
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	04/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242