Carboxin (Ref: D 735) |
![]() Last updated: 12/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: carboxine; carbathiin; vitavax) |
SUMMARY |
Carboxin is an effective agricultural fungicide that is approved for use in the EU subject to Member State approval. It is moderately soluble in water, is non-volatile and, based on its chemical properties, would not normally be expected to leach to groundwater. It tends not to persist in soil or water systems. Whilst it is an irritant, its mammalian toxicity is low and no significant health effects have been identified. It shows a low or moderate ecotoxicity to most species. |
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An anilide fungicide for bunts and smuts normally that is normally used as a seed treatment | |
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Smut; Rots; Bunt; Blight; Leaf stripe; Net blotch | |
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Rice; Vegetables; Corn; Wheat; Barley; Oats; Turf grass; Cotton | |
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Carboxin has been shown to be an effective fungicide via field trials and long use globally. | |
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Current | |
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1966, first reported; 1969, first introduced |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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Not applicable |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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UK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/05/2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Australia, USA |
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Chemical structure |
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None | |
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C₁₂H₁₃NO₂S | |
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CC1=C(SCCO1)C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2 | |
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No data | |
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GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C12H13NO2S/c1-9-11(16-8-7-15-9)12(14)13-10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-6H,7-8H2,1H3,(H,13,14) | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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carboxin | - | ![]() |
General status |
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Fungicide | |
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Oxathiin | |
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970 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Systemic, inhibits mitochondrial function. Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor. | |
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5234-68-4 | |
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226-031-1 | |
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273 | |
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090201 | |
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21307 | |
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235.30 | |
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2-methyl-N-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxamide | |
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5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxanilide | |
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5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxamide | |
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- | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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7 | |
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- | |
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Colourless crystals | |
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Formulations |
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Usually formulated as a flowable concentrate that is diluted with water for use as a seed treament |
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134 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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220000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
110000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
89000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Methanol5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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53000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Toluene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | |||||||||
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91.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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Decomposes before boiling | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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210 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.00 X 1002 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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2.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.36 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Strong acid | |||||||||||
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0.02 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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3.20 X 10-05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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205nm = 17443, 295nm = 6585 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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61.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 20°C5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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0.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.28 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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3.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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1.99 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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11.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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EU dossier Lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.07-1.68 days, DT₉₀ range 0.23-3.49 days; field studies DT₅₀ range 0.27-11 days, DT₉₀ range 0.9-37 days; Other sources: DT₅₀ 1 day (R3) | ||||||||||
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | |||||||
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- | ||||||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable between pH 4 and pH 9 | ||||||||||
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17.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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13.6 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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1.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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99.4 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 1.03-1.78 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 81-124 mL g⁻¹, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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1.95 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Very mobile | |||||||
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1.3 | ||||||||||
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0.80 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kf range 1.56-2.71 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 123-213 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.79-0.81, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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2.01 | Calculated | Transition state | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.83 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | 0.782 | Major fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.170 | Major, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.274 | Major fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.145 | Major fraction, Relevant |
Other known metabolites |
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4-hydroxycarboxin sulfone | carboxin Rat M03 | Rat (Urine & Bile) | - | - | |||||
4-O-glucuronyl-2-hydroxycarboxin | carboxin Rat M04 | Rat (Urine) | - | - | |||||
4-hydroxycarboxin | carboxin Rat M07 | Rat (Urine, Faeces & Bile) | - | - | |||||
monomethoxy dihydroxycarboxin | carboxin Rat M09 | Rat (Urine & Faeces) | - | - | |||||
2-methoxycarboxin sulfoxide-4-glucuronide | carboxin Rat M11 | Rat (Bile & Urine) | - | - | |||||
4-O-glucuronyl carboxin | carboxin Rat M12 | Rat (Bile) | - | - | |||||
- | - | - | - | - | |||||
2-[2-anilino-2-oxoacetyl)thio]ethyl acetate | - | Soil; Water; Groundwater | - | - | |||||
2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-oxathiane-3-carboxamide-4-oxide | hydrated carbon sulfoxide; carboxin M09 | Soil; Water; Groundwater | - | - | |||||
2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid-4-oxide | PH-3; alpha-vinylsulfinyl acetanilide; P/V-05; M234 | Soil; Water; Groundwater | - | - | |||||
4-O-glucuronyl carboxin sulfoxide | carboxin Rat M01 | Rat (Urine & Bile) | - | - | |||||
4-hydroxycarboxin sulfoxide | carboxin Rat M02 | Rat (Urine & Bile) | - | - | |||||
acetanilide | - | Plant | - | - |
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13 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Estimated2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low potential | |||||||
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Not available | - | |||||||||
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2588 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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5.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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- | - | |||||||||
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20 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat (male) Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 2150 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 5000 mg kg feed⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
- | ||||||||
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83 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinius virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.32 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Cyprinidae5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 57 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.32 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna 17 day4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.92 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Lemna gibba3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.48 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 250 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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50 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0 / -21.5 | Mortality / Reproduction [Dose: 776 mg carboxin + 770 mg thiram/kg seed] A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aleochara bilineata adult/juvenile5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 660 g ha⁻¹ |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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2588 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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4000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 4.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.008 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 2 year SF=1003 = Unverified data of known source |
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None allocated | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 4 = Verified data |
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0.055 | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1003 = Unverified data of known source |
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3.3-5.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) concentration dependent5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Negligible risk to the public due to pattern of use | |||||||||
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Acceptable risks with PPE/PPC | ||||||||||
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=4.8 µg l⁻¹5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Health issues |
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Mild skin sensitiser Possible kidney toxicant |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive or oxidising | |||
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Health: H302, H312, H317, H332, H373; Environment: H400, H410 | |||
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Carcinogen category 3: R40 Xn - Harmful: R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S36/37, S60, S61 | |||
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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carboxin | ||
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carboxine | ||
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Carboxin | ||
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carboxin | ||
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carbossina | ||
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carboxina | ||
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carboxin | ||
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karboksyna | ||
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karboxin | ||
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karboxin | ||
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carboxin |
Record last updated: | 12/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |