| azobenzene (Ref: ENT 14611) |
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Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
GENERAL INFORMATION 
for azobenzene
Description: A now obsolete insecticide that was formely used to control mites in a range of situations including glasshouses
Example pests controlled: Boll weevils; Aphids; Spidermites
Example applications: Glasshouse ornamentals including roses, flowering plants
Availability status: Obsolete
Introduction & key dates: 1945, first reported
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not listed |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Not applicable |
| Date inclusion expires | Not applicable |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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General status:
| Pesticide type | Acaricide, Ovicide, Miticide | |||
| Substance group | Bridged diphenyl | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | - | |||
| Known relevant impurities | - | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation, selective action | |||
| CAS RN | 103-33-3 | |||
| EC number | 203-102-5 | |||
| CIPAC number | 241 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 007401 | |||
| CLP index number | 611-001-00-6 | |||
| Chiral molecule | No | |||
| Chemical formula | C12H10N2 | |||
| SMILES | N(=N/c1ccccc1)\c2ccccc2 | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C12H10N2/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-14-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H/b14-13+ | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 182.22 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | diphenyldiazene | |||
| IUPAC name | azobenzene | |||
| CAS name | diphenyldiazene | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not known | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Tetranychus urticae | |||
| Physical state | Orange crystals | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually supplied as an emulsifiable concentrate. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for azobenzene
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 6.4 | V3 - @ 25 DegC | Low | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Melting point (oC) | 69 | V3 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | - | - | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | 476 | Q3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 6.61 X 1003 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 3.82 | V3 | High | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | - | - | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | -2.95 | V3 | - | |
| Note: Very strong acid | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | - | - | - | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.42 | CA2 | Moderately volatile | |
| Henry's law constant at 20oC (dimensionless) | - | - | - | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
- | - | - | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | - | - | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | - | - | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | - | - | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | - | - | - |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | - | - | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| Note: | - | |||
| Plant matrix DT50 (days) | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | R3 | Slightly mobile |
| Koc | 2930 | |||
| Notes and range | Koc range 1350-4510 mL/g | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | - | - | - |
| Kfoc | - | |||
| 1/n | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| pH sensitivity | - | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 10 | E3 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | V3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 0.5 | F3 Oryzias latipes | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 5.0 | F3 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 0.009 | F4 Daphnia magna | High | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 1.7 | F4 Scenedemus subspicatus | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | - | - | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | - | - | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for azobenzene
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | V3 Rat | Moderate | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | - | - | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Consumer exposure should be low or non-existent since compound is no longer produced or used in most of the developed world | ||
| Occupational | Occupational exposure should be low or non-existent since compound is no longer produced or used in most of the developed world | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Harmful is swallowed or inhaled Tumorigenic agent IARC Group 3 carcinogen Probably liver toxicant |
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: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
IMDG Transport class 9 Not compatible with strong oxidising agents |
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| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Carcinogen category 2: R45 Xn - Harmful: R20, R22, R48, R68 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S45, S53, S60, S1 | |||
| WHO Classification | NL | - | Not listed | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | No consensus across products or no products available | - | - | |
| UN Number | 3077 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Pacakging group III (minor danger) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | azobenzene |
| French | azobenzêne |
| German | Azobenzol |
| Danish | - |
| Italian | - |
| Spanish | azobenceno |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | - |
| Polish | - |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Monday 28 December 2015
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk