Asulam (Ref: M and B 9057)

Asulam (Ref: M and B 9057)	Last updated: 12/01/2021
(Also known as: MB 9057)

SUMMARY

Asulam is a carbamate herbicide that is not approved for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water, relatively volatile with a low risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soils but may be persistent in water especially under dark conditions. Although it is not highly toxic there is a risk of bioaccumulation. It is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant and may cause undesirable effects on reproduction. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A translocated carbamate herbicide for control of stubborn weeds which is usually used as the sodium or potassium salt.

Example pests controlled

Docks; Bracken

Example applications

Fruit including apples, pears, plums, cherries, blackcurrants; Hops; Grazing land; Amenity grassland; Moorland

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1965

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

None (may vary with mixtures)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₈H₁₀N₂O₄S

Canonical SMILES

COC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

VGPYEHKOIGNJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C8H10N2O4S/c1-14-8(11)10-15(12,13)7-4-2-6(9)3-5-7/h2-5H,9H2,1H3,(H,10,11)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
asulam	-

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance group

Carbamate

Minimum active substance purity

>800 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - Methanol

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective system action, absorbed by leaves, shoots and roots. Inhibition of dihydropterate synthase causing slow chlorosis.

CAS RN

3337-71-1

EC number

222-077-1

CIPAC number

240

US EPA chemical code

106901

PubChem CID

18752

Molecular mass

230.24

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

methyl (4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)carbamate

IUPAC name

methyl sulfanilylcarbamate

CAS name

methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]carbamate

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations. Emergency approval for bracken control is sometimes given.

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless crystals

Related substances & organisms

asulam sodium

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Asulox F
Asulox 40
Jonnix
Formule 1

Example products using this active

Bayer CropScience
Dow AgroSciences
AgriGuard
GreenCrop
May & Baker

Formulation and application details

Usually formulated as the sodium salt.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

962000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

1100

Acetone at 25 °C

98.0

Xylene

500

Ethyl acetate

300

n-Octanol

Melting point (°C)

230

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

230

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.41 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Log P

0.15

at 25 °C

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

1.29

pKa(2) = 4.68

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

5.0 X 10^-04

at 45 °C

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.31 X 10^-10

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

203nm = 221771, 293nm = 27501

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

71.5

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

3.2

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

3.2

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

15.1

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU Dossier DT₅₀ range 2.1-4.2 days, DT₉₀ range 7.0-30.9 days; General literature states DT₅₀ 6-14 days; Other literature DT₅₀ range 9-39 days (R3)

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Degradation very slow

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

71.9

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

0.8

Mobile

K_foc

¹/_n

0.75

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 0.1-2.6, K_foc range 15.4-149.7 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.68-0.82, Soils=6

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

2.58

Calculated

Transition state

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.62 X 10^-02

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

4-aminobenzenesulphonamide

Soil

0.139

Major fraction, Not relevant

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

acetylsulphanilamide

Animal (Urine)

acetyl-asulam

Animal (Urine)

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

Low risk

Based on LogP < 3

Low risk

CT₅₀ (days)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1827

Colinus virginianus

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 100000 mg kg feed⁻¹

Anas platyrhynchos

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Coturnix japonica NOAEL

Moderate

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 91.3

Lepomis macrochirus

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

> 119.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 57.9

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

6.4

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

91.3

Chironomus riparius

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.27

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 123.7

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1000

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

7.57

Typhlodromus pyri

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

3.09

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: -26% effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 160mg kg⁻¹ soil

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.46

4 hr (whole body)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.36

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

1.0

1yr Dog SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.46

Rat SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.5-3.0

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Occupational

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Kidney, thyroid and blood toxicant
USEPA - some evidence to suggest human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
IMDG Transport Code is usually 9

CLP classification 2013

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R43
N - Dangerous for the environment: R52

EC Safety Classification

WHO Classification

III (Slightly hazardous)

UN Number

Usually 3082

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

asulam

French

asulame

German

Asulam

Danish

asulam

Italian

asulame

Spanish

asulam

Greek

Polish

asulam

Swedish

Hungarian

aszulam

Dutch

asulam

Record last updated:	12/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242