| asulam (Ref: M and B 9057) |
 |
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SUMMARY
Asulam is a carbamate herbicide that is not approved for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water, relatively volatile with a low risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soils but may be persistent in water especially under dark conditions. Although it is not highly toxic there is a risk of bioaccumulation. It is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant and may cause undesirable effects on reproduction. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for asulam
Description: A translocated carbamate herbicide for control of stubborn weeds which is usually used as the sodium or potassium salt.
Example pests controlled: Docks; Bracken
Example applications: Fruit including apples, pears, plums, cherries, blackcurrants; Hops; Grazing land; Amenity grassland; Moorland
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1965
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | UK |
| Date inclusion expires | Withdrawn |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | - |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |
| Substance group | Carbamate | |
| Minimum active substance purity | >800 g/kg | |
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - Methanol | |
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |
| Mode of action | Selective system action, absorbed by leaves, shoots and roots. Inhibition of dihydropterate synthase causing slow chlorosis. | |
| CAS RN | 3337-71-1 | |
| EC number | 222-077-1 | |
| CIPAC number | 240 | |
| US EPA chemical code | 106901 | |
| Isomerism | - | |
| Chemical formula | C8H10N2O4S | |
| SMILES | c1(S(NC(OC)=O)(=O)=O)ccc(N)cc1 | |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | VGPYEHKOIGNJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C8H10N2O4S/c1-14-8(11)10-15(12,13)7-4-2-6(9)3-5-7/h2-5H,9H2,1H3,(H,10,11) | |
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 230.24 | |
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | methyl (4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)carbamate | |
| IUPAC name | methyl sulfanilylcarbamate | |
| CAS name | methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]carbamate | |
| Other status information | Chemical subject to PIC regulations. Emergency approval for bracken control is sometimes given. | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | I | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 18 | |
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |
| Physical state | Colourless crystals | |
| Related substances & organisms | ||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | None (may vary with mixtures) | |||
| Formulation and application details | Usually formulated as the sodium salt. | |||
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 962000 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 1100 | A4 - Acetone @ 25 DegC | - | |
| 98.0 | A5 - Xylene | - | ||
| 500 | A5 - Ethyl acetate | - | ||
| 300 | A5 - n-Octanol | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 230 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 230 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.41 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.15 | A5 - @ 25 DegC | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | - | - | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 1.29 | A5 | - | |
| Note: pKa(2) = 4.68 | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 5.0 X 10-04 | A3 - @ 45 DegC | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.31 X 10-10 | A5 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.36 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 3.00 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | 203nm = 221771, 293nm = 27501 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 71.5 | A5 | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 3.2 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 3.2 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 9 | R3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 15.1 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU Dossier DT50 range 2.1-4.2 days, DT90 range 7.0-30.9 days; General literature states DT50 6-14 days; Other literature DT50 range 9-39 days (R3) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | A3 | - |
| Note | Degradation very slow | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 71.9 | A5 | Moderately fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | - | - | - | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 0.8 | A5 | Mobile |
| Kfoc | 20 | |||
| 1/n | 0.75 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Kf range 0.1-2.6, Kfoc range 15.4-149.7 mL/g, 1/n range 0.68-0.82, Soils=6 | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| 4-aminobenzenesulphonamide |
Soil | 0.139 | Major fraction, Not relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| acetylsulphanilamide | - | Animal (Urine) | - | - |
| acetyl-asulam | - | Animal (Urine) | - | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | Low risk | A5 Based on LogP < 3 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | - | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | - | - | - |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1827 | A5 Colinus virginianus | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | > 100000 mg kg feed-1 | A4 Anas platyrhynchos | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 91.3 | A5 Lepomis macrochirus | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | > 119.1 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 57.9 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 6.4 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | 91.3 | A5 Chironomus riparius | Low | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 0.27 | A5 Lemna gibba | Moderate | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | A5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 123.7 | A5 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 1000 | A5 Eisenia foetida | Moderate | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | 7.57 | A5 Typhlodromus pyri | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | 3.09 | A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: -26% effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: 160mg kg-1 soil |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for asulam
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 5.46 | A5, 4 hr (whole body) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.36 | A5 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 1.0 | A5 1yr Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.46 | A5 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 0.5-3.0 | A5 concentration dependent | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | - | ||
| Occupational | - | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
|
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Kidney, thyroid and blood toxicant USEPA - some evidence to suggest human carcinogen |
|||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 |
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| CLP classification 2013 | - | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R52 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
- | |||
| WHO Classification | III | - | Slightly hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | IV | - | Caution - Not acutely toxic | |
| UN Number | Usually 3082 | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
Packaging Group III (minor danger) | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | asulam |
| French | asulame |
| German | Asulam |
| Danish | asulam |
| Italian | asulame |
| Spanish | asulam |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | - |
| Polish | asulam |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | aszulam |
| Dutch | asulam |
Record last updated: Monday 13 November 2017
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk