Asulam sodium (Ref: AE F102789)

Asulam sodium (Ref: AE F102789)	Last updated: 30/12/2020
(Also known as: asulam; HOE 102789; sodium asulam; RPA 4143636; Hoe 102789; AE C518360)

SUMMARY

Asulam sodium is a carbamate herbicide that is not approved for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water, volatile with a low risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soils but may be persistent in water especially under dark conditions. Although it is not highly toxic there is a risk of bioaccumulation. It is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant and may cause undesirable effects on reproduction. Asulam sodium is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A translocated carbamate herbicide for control of problematic weeds in cropped and non-cropped situations

Example pests controlled

Docks; Bracken; Ragwort

Example applications

Moorland; Amenity vegetation; Forestry; Spinach; Ornamentals including bulb production

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

1965

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status

Not approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

Expired

UK LERAP status

No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

Expired

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Not applicable

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece

ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg
		✓
LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia

Also used in

Australia

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Chemical formula

C₈H₉N₂O₄SNa₂

Canonical SMILES

COC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.[Na+]

Isomeric SMILES

No data

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

PEXLHWBDBQUUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C8H10N2O4S.Na/c1-14-8(11)10-15(12,13)7-4-2-6(9)3-5-7;/h2-5H,9H2,1H3,(H,10,11);/q;+1

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
asulam	Parent

General status

Pesticide type

Herbicide

Substance group

Carbamate

Minimum active substance purity

876 g kg⁻¹ as sodium salt

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Selective system action, absorbed by leaves, shoots and roots. Inhibition of dihydropterate synthase causing slow chlorosis.

CAS RN

2302-17-2

EC number

218-953-8

CIPAC number

240

US EPA chemical code

106902

PubChem CID

61292

Molecular mass

253.23

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

sodium (4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)(methoxycarbonyl)azanide

IUPAC name

sodium methyl (EZ)-sulfanilylcarbonimidate

CAS name

methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]carbamate monosodium salt

Other status information

Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN Listed as Highly Hazardous Chemical

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)

Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)

Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)

Not applicable

Examples of recorded resistance

Physical state

Colourless to white crystals

Related substances & organisms

asulam

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Asulox
Brack-N

Example products using this active

AgriGuard
United Phosphorus
Bayer CropScience

Formulation and application details

Often available as a soluble liquid concentrate that is mixed with water and used as a spray

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

962000

High

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

0.07

n-Heptane

Xylene

117000

Methanol

1100

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

230

Boiling point (°C)

104

Degradation point (°C)

230

Flashpoint (°C)

Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

1.41 X 10⁰⁰

Calculated

Log P

0.15

Low

Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)

1.53

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

1.29

Strong acid; pKa(2) 4.68

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

5.00 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.31 X 10^-10

Non-volatile

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

292nm = 2750

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

71.5

at 20°C 89.6%

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

4.6

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

4.6

Non-persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

356

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

19.5

Non-persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

1000

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier 2006 lab studies DT₅₀ range 2.66-11.1 days, DT₉₀ range 8.0-37.2 days, Soils=12; Field studies, DT₅₀ & DT₉₀ > 365 days; Other studies: DT₅₀ 6-14 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

Moderately fast

Note

DT₅₀ 0.78 days at pH 4, 1.56 days at pH 9

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 5 to pH 9

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Moderately fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Stable

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d

K_oc

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f

0.949

Mobile

K_foc

25.4

¹/_n

0.75

Notes and range

EU dossier kf range 0.150-3.28 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 15.4-149.7 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.66-0.87, Soils=10

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

6.62

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.15 X 10⁰¹

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Low

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Mobile

Calculated

Key metabolites

Metabolite

Formation medium

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

1107/2009 relevancy

4-aminobenzenesulphonamide

Soil

0.139

Major fraction, Relevant

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Metabolising enzymes

4-(N-methoxycarbonylsulphamoylacetic acid (Ref: AE 1388213)

malonyl-asulam

Plant

methyl ((4-acetamidophenyl)sulphonyl)carbamate

acetyl asulam

Animal; Plant; Soil

N-(4-sulpamoylphenyl)acetamide

acetyl-sulphanilamide

Rat; Hen (eggs); Soil

methyl(((4-formylamino)phenyl)sulfonyl)carbamate

formyl asulam

Plant

aminobenzenesulphonic acid

sulphanilic acid

Soil

N-(4-aminophenyl)formamide

AP Formamide

Water

(4-(4-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl)aminophenyl)carbamic acid

MCAPAP carbamic acid

Water

4-sulphamoylphenylcarbamoylacetic acid

malonyl sulphanilamide

Processing

methylphenylsulphonylcarbamate (Ref: MB022232)

desamino asulam; MBSC

Plant; Soil

benzenesulphonamide

Soil

benzenesulphonic acid

Soil

a-acetylbenzenesulphonamide

Plant

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

0.75

Whole fish

Low potential

CT₅₀ (days)

Not available

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

Rat

High

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1826

Colinus virginianus as asulam

Moderate

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 91.3

Lepomis macrochirus as asulam

Moderate

Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

119.1

Oncorhynchus mykiss as asulam

Low

Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

57.87

Daphnia magna as asulam

Moderate

Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

6.4

Daphnia magna as asulam

Moderate

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

91.3

Chironomus riparius as asulam

Low

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

0.27

Lemna gibba as asulam

Moderate

Non-target plants

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 0.66

Anabaena flos-aquae as asulam

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

as asulam

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 123.7

as asulam

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other pollinators (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other pollinators (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

1004

Eisenia foetida as asulam

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

180.7

Eisenia foetida Reproduction as asulam

Low

Other soil macro-organisms

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

Other arthropod (1)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

3.088

48 hour
Aphidius rhopalosiphi as Asulox/ha

% Effect

Other arthropod (2)

LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

7.566

7 day
Typhlodromus pyri as Asulox/ha

% Effect

Soil micro-organisms

Nitrogen mineralisation: Up to -26% effect
Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 0.16 g asulam/kg soil 56 days

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 5000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.46

Rat

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.36

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Dog SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.046

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.5-3

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Low risk of dietary exposure and accidental exposure of residents or bystanders

Occupational

Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment

European MRLs

EU MRL pesticide database

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

0.1

EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=1080 µg l⁻¹

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible blood, thyroid and kidney toxicant

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising

CLP classification 2013

Health: H317

EC Risk Classification

Xn - Harmful: R43
N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53

EC Safety Classification

S24, S37, S35, S57, S60, S61

WHO Classification

U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)

UN Number

Waste disposal & packaging

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

asulam sodium

French

asulame

German

Asulam

Danish

asulam

Italian

asulame

Spanish

asulame

Greek

Polish

asulam sodowy

Swedish

Hungarian

aszulam

Dutch

asulam

Record last updated:	30/12/2020
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242