| asulam sodium (Ref: AE F102789) |
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Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health - A to Z Index - Home
SUMMARY
Asulam sodium is a carbamate herbicide that is not approved for use in the EU. It is highly soluble in water, volatile with a low risk of leaching to groundwater. It is not persistent in soils but may be persistent in water especially under dark conditions. Although it is not highly toxic there is a risk of bioaccumulation. It is a skin, eye and respiratory system irritant and may cause undesirable effects on reproduction. Asulam sodium is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for asulam sodium
Description: A translocated carbamate herbicide for control of problematic weeds in cropped and non-cropped situations
Example pests controlled: Docks; Bracken; Ragwort
Example applications: Moorland; Amenity vegetation; Forestry; Spinach; Ornamentals including bulb production
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1965
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Not approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | UK |
| Date inclusion expires | Expired |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | Not applicable |
| Listed in EU database | Yes |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia
Chemical structure:
| Isomerism | - |
| Chemical formula | C8H9N2O4SNa2 |
| Canonical SMILES | COC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N.[Na+] |
| Isomeric SMILES | No data |
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | PEXLHWBDBQUUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C8H10N2O4S.Na/c1-14-8(11)10-15(12,13)7-4-2-6(9)3-5-7;/h2-5H,9H2,1H3,(H,10,11);/q;+1 |
| 2D structure diagram/image available? | Yes |
Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams:
| Common Name | Relationship | Link |
| Asulam | Parent |  |
General status:
| Pesticide type | Herbicide | |
| Substance group | Carbamate | |
| Minimum active substance purity | 876 g/kg as sodium salt | |
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |
| Mode of action | Selective system action, absorbed by leaves, shoots and roots. Inhibition of dihydropterate synthase causing slow chlorosis. | |
| CAS RN | 2302-17-2 | |
| EC number | 218-953-8 | |
| CIPAC number | 240 | |
| US EPA chemical code | 106902 | |
| PubChem CID | 61292 | |
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 253.23 | |
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | sodium (4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)(methoxycarbonyl)azanide | |
| IUPAC name | sodium methyl (EZ)-sulfanilylcarbonimidate | |
| CAS name | methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]carbamate monosodium salt | |
| Other status information | Chemical subject to PIC regulations; PAN Listed as Highly Hazardous Chemical | |
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | I | |
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | 18 | |
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |
| Examples of recorded resistance | - | |
| Physical state | Colourless to white crystals | |
| Related substances & organisms | ||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use as a pesticide under EC Regulation 1107/2009 | |||
| Formulation and application details | Often available as a soluble liquid concentrate that is mixed with water and used as a spray. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for asulam sodium
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 962000 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 0.07 | A5 - n-Heptane | - | |
| 98 | A5 - Xylene | - | ||
| 117000 | A5 - Methanol | - | ||
| 1100 | A5 - Acetone | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 230 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | 104 | Q3 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 230 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | Q3 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.41 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.15 | A5 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.53 | A5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 1.29 | A5 | - | |
| Note: Strong acid; pKa(2) 4.68 | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 20oC (mPa) | 5.00 X 10-04 | A5 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 1.31 X 10-10 | A5 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
1.72 | Calculated | Low leachability | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 4.03 X 10-03 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Low | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | 292nm = 2750 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 71.5 | A5 at 20oC, 89.6% | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 4.6 | A5 | Non-persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 4.6 | A5 | Non-persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 356 | A5 | Persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 19.5 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | 1000 | A3 | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU dossier 2006 lab studies DT50 range 2.66-11.1 days, DT90 range 8.0-37.2 days, Soils=12; Field studies, DT50 & DT90 > 365 days; Other studies: DT50 6-14 days | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | - | - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | 1 | A4 | Moderately fast |
| Note | DT50 0.78 days at pH 4, 1.56 days at pH 9 | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | Stable at pH 5 to pH 9 | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 72 | A5 | Moderately fast | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 63 | A5 | Stable | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 0.949 | A5 | Mobile |
| Kfoc | 25.4 | |||
| 1/n | 0.75 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier kf range 0.150-3.28 mL/g, Kfoc range 15.4-149.7 mL/g, 1/n range 0.66-0.87, Soils=10 | |||
| pH sensitivity | No | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| 4-aminobenzenesulphonamide |
Soil | 0.139 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| methyl ((4-acetamidophenyl)sulphonyl)carbamate | acetyl asulam | Animal; Plant; Soil | - | - |
| N-(4-sulpamoylphenyl)acetamide | acetyl-sulphanilamide | Rat; Hen (eggs); Soil | - | - |
| methyl(((4-formylamino)phenyl)sulfonyl)carbamate | formyl asulam | Plant | - | - |
| aminobenzenesulphonic acid | sulphanilic acid | Soil | - | - |
| N-(4-aminophenyl)formamide | AP Formamide | Water | - | - |
| (4-(4-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl)aminophenyl)carbamic acid | MCAPAP carbamic acid | Water | - | - |
| 4-sulphamoylphenylcarbamoylacetic acid | malonyl sulphanilamide | Processing | - | - |
| benzenesulphonamide | - | Soil | - | - |
| benzenesulphonic acid | - | Soil | - | - |
| a-acetylbenzenesulphonamide | - | Plant | - | - |
| 4-(N-methoxycarbonylsulphamoylacetic acid (Ref: AE 1388213) |
malonyl-asulam | Plant | - | - |
| methylphenylsulphonylcarbamate (Ref: MB022232) |
desamino asulam; MBSC | Plant; Soil | - | - |
ECOTOXICOLOGY
for asulam sodium
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 0.75 | A5 Whole fish | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 36 | A5 Rat | High |
| (ppm diet) | - | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1826 | A5 Colinus virginianus, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | - | - | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 91.3 | A5 Lepomis macrochirus, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 119.1 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss, as asulam | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | 57.87 | A5 Daphnia magna, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 6.4 | A5 Daphnia magna, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | 91.3 | A5 Chironomus riparius, as asulam | Low | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | 0.27 | A5 Lemna gibba, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | > 0.66 | A5 Anabaena flos-aquae, as asulam | Moderate | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 100 | A5, as asulam | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 123.7 | A5, as asulam | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | 1004 | A5 Eisenia foetida, as asulam | Low | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | 180.7 | A2 Eisenia foetida, Reproduction, as asulam | Low | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | 3.088 | 48 hour A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi, as Asulox/ha |
- |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | 7.566 | 7 day A5 Typhlodromus pyri, as Asulox/ha |
- |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | Nitrogen mineralisation: Up to -26% effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 Dose: 0.16 g asulam/kg soil, 56 days |
- | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for asulam sodium
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 5000 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 2000 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 5.46 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.36 | A5 Rat, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 1 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.046 | A5 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | 0.5-3 | A5 concentration dependent | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Low risk of dietary exposure and accidental exposure of residents or bystanders | ||
| Occupational | Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | 0.1 | EU Dir 89/778/EC limit; Calc MAC=1080 μg l-1; A5 | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Possible blood, thyroid and kidney toxicant | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Not explosive or oxidising | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | Health: H317 | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R43 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
S24, S37, S35, S57, S60, S61 | |||
| WHO Classification | U | - | Unlikely to present an acute hazard | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | IV | - | Caution - Not acutely toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
TRANSLATIONS
for asulam sodium
| Language | Name |
| English | asulam sodium |
| French | asulame |
| German | Asulam |
| Danish | asulam |
| Italian | asulame |
| Spanish | asulame |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | asulam natrij |
| Polish | asulam sodowy |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | aszulam |
| Dutch | asulam |
Record last updated: Tuesday 30 October 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk