Penflufen (Ref: BYF-14182)

Penflufen (Ref: BYF-14182)	Last updated: 29/01/2025
(Not known by any other names)

SUMMARY

Data alerts

The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. An absence of an alert does not imply the substance has no implications for human health, biodiversity or the environment but just that we do not have the data to form a judgement.

Environmental fate	Ecotoxicity	Human health
Environmental fate High alert: Persistent; GUS: High leachability	Ecotoxicity Moderate alert: Birds chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Fish chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia acute ecotoxicity: Moderate; Daphnia chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate; Earthworms chronic ecotoxicity: Moderate	Human health High alert: Reproduction/development effects

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description

A fungicide, usually formulated as al seed treatment of numerous crops including potatoes

Example pests controlled

Black scurf; Stem & stolon canker; Fusarium rot

Example applications

Potatoes; Cereal grains including wheat, barley; Oilseeds; Alfalfa; Legumes; Rice

Efficacy & activity

Availability status

Current

Introduction & key dates

2012, first approved by EFSA

GB regulatory status

GB COPR regulatory status

Approved

Date COPR inclusion expires

31/05/2025

GB LERAP status

None

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status

Not approved

Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur

Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires

EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)

Listed in EU database

Yes

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States

ATAustria	BEBelgium	BGBulgaria	CYCyprus	CZCzech Republic	DEGermany	DKDenmark	EEEstonia	ELGreece
✓	✓
ESSpain	FIFinland	FRFrance	HRCroatia	HUHungary	IEIreland	ITItaly	LTLithuania	LULuxembourg

LVLatvia	MTMalta	NLNetherlands	PLPoland	PTPortugal	RORomania	SESweden	SISlovenia	SKSlovakia
		✓

Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 by Mutual Recognition of Authorisation and/or national regulations in the following EEA countries

ISIceland	NONorway

Additional information

Also used in

USA; Canada

Chemical structure

Isomerism

Substance is racemic.

Chemical formula

C₁₈H₂₄FN₃O

Canonical SMILES

CC1=NN(C(=C1C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2C(C)CC(C)C)F)C

Isomeric SMILES

International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)

GOFJDXZZHFNFLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International Chemical Identifier (InChI)

InChI=1S/C18H24FN3O/c1-11(2)10-12(3)14-8-6-7-9-15(14)20-18(23)16-13(4)21-22(5)17(16)19/h6-9,11-12H,10H2,1-5H3,(H,20,23)

2D structure diagram/image available?

Yes

General status

Pesticide type

Fungicide; Other substance

Other bioactivity & uses

Biocide; Wood preservative

Substance groups

Pyrazole fungicide; Carboximide fungicide; Anilide fungicide; Pyrazolecarboximide fungicide

Minimum active substance purity

980 g kg⁻¹

Known relevant impurities

EU dossier - None declared

Substance origin

Synthetic

Mode of action

Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor.

CAS RN

494793-67-8

EC number

619-823-7

CIPAC number

826

US EPA chemical code

100249

PubChem CID

11674113

CLP index number

616-231-00-0

Molecular mass

317.41

PIN (Preferred Identification Name)

rac-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-{2-[(2R)-4-methylpentan-2-yl]phenyl}-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

IUPAC name

2'-[(RS)-1,3-dimethylbutyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxanilide

CAS name

N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

Other status information

Potential marine pollutant; PAN listed Highly Hazardous Chemical; Some applications may be approved under the GB Biocide Products Regulations

Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards

Herbicide Resistance Class (HRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Herbicide Resistance Class (WSSA MoA class)

Not applicable

Insecticide Resistance Class (IRAC MoA class)

Not applicable

Fungicide Resistance Class (FRAC MOA class)

Examples of recorded resistance

None identified

Physical state

Off-white coloured powder

Formulations

Property

Value

Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically

Bayer CropScience

Example products using this active

EverGol prime
Emesto Quantum
EverGol Extend
Prime

Formulation and application details

Usually applied as a seed treatment

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

10.9

Moderate

Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)

126000

Methanol

1600

n-Heptane

62000

Toluene

139000

Acetone

Melting point (°C)

111

Boiling point (°C)

Decomposes before boiling

Degradation point (°C)

320

Flashpoint (°C)

Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C

2.00 X 10⁰³

Calculated

Log P

3.3

High

Fat solubility of residues

Solubility

Soluble

Data type

Regulatory data - observed in metabolism and farm animal feeding studies

Density (g ml⁻¹)

Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C

Not applicable

No dissociation

Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)

4.1 X 10^-04

Low volatility

Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)

1.05 X 10^-05

Non-volatile

Volatilisation as max % of applied dose lost

From plant surface

From soil surface

Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Neutral soln: 209nm=23724, 232nm=10939 shoulder
Acidic soln: 202nm=25030, 230nm=11784 shoulder
Basic soln: 204nm=23010, 234nm=9868 shoulder

Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)

61.6

Degradation

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

General biodegradability

Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)

DT₅₀ (typical)

192

Persistent

DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)

192

Persistent

DT₅₀ (field)

113

Persistent

DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)

837

Very persistent

DT₉₀ (field)

595

DT₅₀ modelling endpoint

Note

EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 115-458 days, DT₉₀ range 382-1521 days; Field studies DT₅₀ range 68-224 days, DT₉₀ range 331->1000 days

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on plant matrix

Value

Note

Dissipation rate RL₅₀ (days) on and in plant matrix

Value

Note

Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7

Value

17.3

Slow

Note

Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7

Value

Stable

Note

Stable at pH 4,7 & 9 at 50 °C

Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)

Fast

Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)

246

Stable

Sediment phase only DT₅₀ (days)

Air degradation

As this parameter is not normally measured directly, a surrogate measure is used: ‘Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀’. Where data is available, this can be found in the Fate Indices section below.

Decay in stored produce DT₅₀

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Linear

K_d (mL g⁻¹)

K_oc (mL g⁻¹)

Notes and range

Freundlich

K_f (mL g⁻¹)

4.78

Moderately mobile

K_foc (mL g⁻¹)

279.9

¹/_n

0.920

Notes and range

EU dossier K_f range 2.705-6.10 mL g⁻¹, K_foc range 209.6-409.5 mL g⁻¹, ¹/_n range 0.875-0.974, soils=5

pH sensitivity

Fate indices

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

GUS leaching potential index

3.19

Calculated

High leachability

SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate

Value

4.23 X 10^-01

Calculated

Note

Potential for particle bound transport index

Medium

Calculated

Potential for loss via drain flow

Moderately mobile

Calculated

Photochemical oxidative DT₅₀ (hrs) as indicator of long-range air transport risk

4.56

Calculated using the Atkinson method. Assumed 1.5E+06 OH/cm³, 12 hr

Below the level of concern for long-range air transport

Bio-concentration factor

BCF (l kg⁻¹)

142

Threshold for concern

CT₅₀ (days)

0.53

Known soil metabolites

Metabolite

Major/Minor fraction

$Click here for further information on Major/Minor fraction$

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

Notes

N-(2-acetylphenyl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1Hpyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: penflufen-pyrazolyl-AAP)

Major fraction

0.115

Bayer verified

penflufen-3-hydroxy-butyl

Major fraction

0.17

Bayer verified

Known groundwater metabolites

Metabolite

EC SANCO/221/2000 relevancy

ADI (mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight day⁻¹)

WHO drinking water guidance value (μg L⁻¹ day⁻¹)

penflufen-3-hydroxy-butyl

Relevant

N-(2-acetylphenyl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1Hpyrazole-4-carboxamide (Ref: penflufen-pyrazolyl-AAP)

Not relevant

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference

Aliases

Formation medium / Rate

Estimated maximum occurrence fraction

BYF-14182-3,4-dihydroxy-keto-glucuronide

Animal

BYF-14182-3,4-dihydroxy-ketone

Animal

BYF-14182-homoglutathione

Plant

BYF-14182-pyrazole-4-carboximide

Plant

BYF-14182-bis-desmethyl-3-carboxylic acid

Plant

BYF-14182-4-hydroxy-butyl-malonyl-glucoside

Plant

BYF-14182-2,3,4-trihydroxy

Animal

BYF-14182-3,4-dihydroxy-glucuronide

Animal

BYF-14182-3,4-dihydroxy

Animal

BYF-14182-pentanoic acid

Animal

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Terrestrial ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL

(mg kg⁻¹)

(ppm diet)

Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Rat (male) Reproductive NOAEL

Moderate

Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 4000

Colinus virginianus

Low

Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)

> 1697 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹

Colinus virginianus

Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)

Colinus virginianus NOEL

Moderate

Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 1000

Eisenia foetida

Low

Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)

33.0

Eisenia foetida

Moderate

Soil micro-organisms

Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect

Dose: 3.18 mg kg⁻¹ soil 28 Day

Collembola

Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)

231

Folsomia candida

Non-target plants

Honeybees (Apis spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 100

Apis mellifera

Low

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

> 108.2

Apis mellifera

Low

Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Chronic

Notes

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Mason bees (Osmia spp.)

Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)

Other bee species (1)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Other bee species (2)

Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)

Mode of exposure

Beneficial insects (Ladybirds)

Beneficial insects (Lacewings)

Beneficial insects (Parasitic wasps) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 250

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Beneficial insects (Predatory mites) as Mortality LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹

> 250

Typhlodromus pyri

Beneficial insects (Ground beetles)

Aquatic ecotoxicology

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

0.103

Cyprinus carpio

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

0.023

Pimephales promelas 35 day

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.66

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Temperate Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)

1.53

Daphnia magna

Moderate

Tropical Freshwater Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 8.28

Chironomus riparius 10 day

Moderate

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)

Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)

Aquatic plants (free-floating, growth) - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

> 4.7

Lemna gibba

Moderate

Aquatic plants (rooted, growth) - Acute 14 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)

Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)

> 5.1

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Moderate

Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)

Mesocosm study data

NOEAEC mg l⁻¹

Marine bivalves

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property

Value

Source; quality score; and other information

Interpretation

Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)

High (class III)

Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)

> 2000

Rat

Low

Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)

2000

Rat

Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)

> 2.02

Rat 4 hr (nose only)

Other Mammal toxicity endpoints

ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.04

Rat SF=100

ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.5

Rat SF=100

AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

Not applicable

AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)

0.077

Dog SF=100

Dermal penetration studies (%)

0.21-1.45

concentration dependent

Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464

Exposure Routes

Public

Acceptable for intended uses

Occupational

Acceptable with PPC/PPE

MRLs

European

EU MRL pesticide database

Great Britain

GB MRL Register

Notes

Drinking Water Standards

Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)

Mammalian dose elimination route and rate

Health issues

Specific human health issues

Carcinogen

Genotoxic

Endocrine disruptor

; ; ; ;

No data found

Reproduction / development effects

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Neurotoxicant

No data found

Respiratory tract irritant

Skin irritant

Skin sensitiser

Eye irritant

Phototoxicant

No data found

General human health issues

Possible liver and thyroid toxicant
US EPA - weak evidence to suggest possible human carcinogen

Handling issues

Property

Value and interpretation

General

Not explosive or oxidising
Not expected to auto-ignite; Not highly flammable
IMDG Transport Hazard Class 9

CLP classification 2013

Environment: H400, H410

WHO Classification

Not listed (Not listed)

UN Number

UN3077

Waste disposal & packaging

Packaging Group III (minor danger)

Shelf-life, storage, stability and reactivity

TRANSLATIONS

Language

Name

English

penflufen

French

German

Danish

Italian

Spanish

Greek

Polish

Swedish

Hungarian

Dutch

Norwegian

Record last updated:	29/01/2025
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242