Clothianidin (Ref: CGA 322704) |
![]() Last updated: 11/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: Tl 435; HSDB 7281; thiamethoxam metabolite) |
SUMMARY |
Clothianidin is an insecticide approved for use in the EU. It is moderately soluble and volatile but has a high potential for leaching to groundwater. It is very persisent in soil and water. Risk of bioaccumulation is low and its acute toxicity to mammals is considered moderate. It is, however, a nurotoxicant. It is toxic to some aquatic organisms but not greatly so to fish. It is highly toxic to honeybees but low risk to earthworms. |
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An insecticide used to control sucking and chewing pests on a range of crops including rice, maize and fruit | |
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Corn rootworm, Southern corn billbug, Chinch flea beetle, Corn leaf aphid, Cutworms; Seedcorn maggots; Stinkbugs; Thrips; Wireworms; Flea beetles | |
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Corn; OSR; Rice; Orchards - apples, apricots, peach, pear, nectarines etc.; Potatoes; Ornamentals; Kohlrabi; Cabbage | |
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Current | |
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2002 |
UK regulatory status |
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Not approved | ||
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Not applicable | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Denmark/Spain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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Isomeric - exists predominantly in the E-form. | |
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C₆H₈ClN₅O₂S | |
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CN=C(NCC1=CN=C(S1)Cl)N[N+](=O)[O-] | |
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No data | |
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PGOOBECODWQEAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C6H8ClN5O2S/c1-8-6(11-12(13)14)10-3-4-2-9-5(7)15-4/h2H,3H2,1H3,(H2,8,10,11)/f/h8,10H/b11-6+ | |
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Yes |
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Common Name | Relationship | Link |
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clothianidin | E-isomer | ![]() |
General status |
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Insecticide, Metabolite | |
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Soil | |
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Neonicotinoid | |
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960 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Translaminar and root systemic activity. Acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. | |
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210880-92-5 | |
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- | |
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738 | |
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044309 | |
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213027 | |
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249.7 | |
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(E)-N-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-N'-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine | |
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(E)-1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine | |
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(C(E))-N-((2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl)-N'-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine | |
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NOTE ban or usage restriction may be in place for use on flowering crops in some Member States | |
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- | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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4A | |
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Not applicable | |
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Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae | |
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Colourless powder | |
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Can be a metabolite of: |
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thiamethoxam | Soil | 0.356 | Major fraction, Relevant |
Formulations |
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Usually supplied as a flowable concentrate prepared for uses as a seed treatment |
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340 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) pH 104 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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1.04 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Heptane5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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12.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Xylene5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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15200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2030 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Ethyl acetate5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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176.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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8.04 X 1000 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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0.905 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.61 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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11.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Strong base | |||||||||||
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2.8 X 10-08 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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2.9 X 10-11 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: 214.5nm = 7770, 265.5nm = 17100, 290nm = 5350 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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545 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Very persistent | |||||||
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545 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Very persistent | ||||||||
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121.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | ||||||||
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387 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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EU dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 143-1001 days, field studies DT₅₀ range 13.3-305.4 days, DT₉₀ range 188- >1000 days; Other studies: field DT₅₀ range 277-1386 days (USA and Canada) | ||||||||||
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16.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
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Published literature RL₅₀ range 4.4-35.9 days, 3 field crops, various matrices, n=3 | ||||||||||
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | |||||||
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Stable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable | |||||||
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Stable pH 4 to pH 9 at 20 °C, hydrolysis occurs in alkali media at elevated temperatures e.g. DT₅₀ 14.4 days at pH 9, 50 °C | ||||||||||
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56.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately fast | ||||||||
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40.3 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Stable |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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- | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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123 | ||||||||||
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1.48 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderately mobile | |||||||
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160 | ||||||||||
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0.829 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kf range 0.52-4.4 mL g⁻¹, Kfoc range 84-345 mL g⁻¹, 1/n range 0.809-0.865, Soils=5 | ||||||||||
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No |
Fate indices |
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3.74 | Calculated | High leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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9.02 X 10-01 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medium | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moderately mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | 0.091 | Minor fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.107 | Major fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil (photolysis) | 0.044 | Minor fraction, Relevant |
Other known metabolites |
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N-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-N’-methylguanidine Note: Toxicologically relevant; Koc 525-3620 mL/g |
TMG; thiazolmethylguanidine | Soil; Plants; Sediment; Rat | - | - | |||||
nitroguanidine Note: DT50 soil: 57-95 days; Koc 20.5 days |
NTG | a=Soil; b=Animal; c=Rat | a:0.063 | - | |||||
formamide | FA | Water | 0.160 | - | |||||
methylurea | MU | Water | 0.11 | - | |||||
- Note: Koc 13.8-17.3 mL/g |
TNG | Soil | - | - | |||||
methylguanidine Note: Tociologically relvant |
MG | a=Water (Photolysis); b=Plants; c=Rat | a=0.350 | - | |||||
5-aminomethyl-2-chlorothiazole | ACT | Rat | - | - | |||||
2-Chlorothiazole-5-carboxylic acid | CTCA | Rat | - | - | |||||
2-Methylthiothiazole-5-carboxylic acid | MTCA | Rat | - | - | |||||
N-2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl-N-hydroxy-N’-methyl-N’’-nitroguanidine | THMN; thiazolhydroxymethylnitroguanidine | Rat | - | - | |||||
2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethylguanidine | TZG; Thiazolguanidine | Rat | - | - | |||||
2-Chlorothiazol-5-ylmethylurea | TZU; Thiazolylurea | Rat | - | - | |||||
urea | - | Rat | - | - |
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Low risk | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Based on LogP < 33 = Unverified data of known source |
Low risk | |||||||
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> 500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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10.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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32.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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430 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 752 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anas platyrhynchos5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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56.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinius virginianus NOEC5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 104.2 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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20.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pimephales promelas5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 40 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.12 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.029 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chironomus riparius5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.00072 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Chironomus riparius5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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> 121 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Lemna gibba2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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55 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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0.044 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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0.004 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | ||||||||
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0.02 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Bombus terrestris4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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0.1 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Osmia lignaria4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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> 8.4 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Osmia bicornis4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0.08 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications Megachile rotundata4 = Verified data |
High | |||||||
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Oral | ||||||||||
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13.21 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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100 | Mortality [Dose: 0.06 kg ha⁻¹] A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi adult5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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96.7 | Mortality [Dose: 0.06 kg ha⁻¹] A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri adult5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 0.75 kg ha⁻¹ |
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0.0031 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aquatic community5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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> 500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rabbit5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.54 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.097 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat ASF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.25 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Minimal risk from dietary exposure Risk assessment indicates ARfD would not normally be execeeded |
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Risk of exposure acceptable under label recommendations for use for personal protection clothing and equipment | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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Effects consistent with endocrine disruption have been noted in rodents and dogs May cause hypotension, hypothermia and impaired pupillar function |
Handling issues |
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Not explosive | |||
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Health: H302 Environment: H400, H410 |
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Xn - Harmful: R22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53 |
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S2, S46, S60, S61 | |||
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NL (Not listed) | |||
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- | |||
|
- |
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clothianidin | ||
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clothianidine | ||
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Clothianidin | ||
|
clothianidin | ||
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clotianidin | ||
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clotianidin | ||
|
- | ||
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chlotianidyna | ||
|
- | ||
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- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 11/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |