Fluvalinate	Last updated: 05/01/2021
(Not known by any other names)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	An insecticide used to control a broad range of pests
Example pests controlled	Moths, Aphids, Thrips, Leafhoppers, Beetles, Hemipteran spp.
Example applications	Cotton; Cereals; Fruit trees; Grapes; Vegetables
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Obsolete
Introduction & key dates	1980, first reported

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Not applicable
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	No
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	Fluvalinate is a chiral molecule. Technical fluvalinate material is an isomeric mixture of the R- and S-isomers. However, commerical products now only use the R-isomer (tau-fluvalinate)
Chemical formula	C₂₆H₂₂ClF₃N₂O₃
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)C(C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC(=CC=C1)OC2=CC=CC=C2)NC3=C(C=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)Cl
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	INISTDXBRIBGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C26H22ClF3N2O3/c1-16(2)24(32-22-12-11-18(14-21(22)27)26(28,29)30)25(33)35-23(15-31)17-7-6-10-20(13-17)34-19-8-4-3-5-9-19/h3-14,16,23-24,32H,1-2H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Acaricide, Veterinary substance
Substance group	Pyrethroid
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Contact and stomach action. Sodium channel modulator.
CAS RN	69409-94-5
EC number	-
CIPAC number	-
US EPA chemical code	109302
PubChem CID	50516
Molecular mass	502.91
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	(RS)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl N-(2-chloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-DL-valinate
IUPAC name	(RS)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl N-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-DL-valinate
CAS name	cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl N-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-DL-valinate
Other status information	Potential groundwater pollutant; PAN Bad Chemical Actor
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	3A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	Blattella germanica, Ctenocephalides felis, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Phyllonorycter blancardella, many others
Physical state	Viscous, yellow oil
Related substances & organisms	tau-fluvalinate

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Apistan Klartan Minadox Yardex Mavrik
Example products using this active	Nippon Saoda Zoecon
Formulation and application details	Available in a range of formulations including emulsifiable concentrates, suspensions and flowable formulations

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		0.002	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Melting point (°C)		25	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	7.08 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.85	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.013	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		-	-	-
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	7	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	General literature gives DT₅₀ 6-8 days
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	3.0	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Chickpea pods, n=1
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	1.95	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 1.7-2.4, field grown okra & pepper, n=3
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	1	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderately fast
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	Stable	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	Stable
	Note	Stable under normal environmental temperatures and pH
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	1000000	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Koc	-
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		-	-	-
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	Cannot be calculated	-	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		-	-	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		-	-	-

Other known metabolites

Metabolite name and reference	Aliases	Formation medium / Rate	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	Metabolising enzymes
3-phenoxy benzoic acid	-	Water (photolysis)	-	-
anilino acid	-	Water (photolysis)	-	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		261	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	(ppm diet)	-		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 2510	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Colinus virginianus	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.0009	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Lepomis macrochirus	High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		0.000033	P3 P = Other governments and regulators 3 = Unverified data of known source Pimephales promelas 30 day	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.074	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	High
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.0029	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Americamysis bahia	High
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		261	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Moderate
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		20000	G3 G = Extension Toxicology network database EXTOXNET (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	-
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A0 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E3 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 3 = Negative ?Possibly, status not identified Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant ✓Yes, known to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem XNo, known not to cause a problem Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser No data found ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		Liver and kidney toxicant Endocrine issues - Binding to human sex hormone, inhibition of progesterone production

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Not explosive
CLP classification 2013	-
EC Risk Classification	Xn - Harmful: R22 Xi - Irritant: R38 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	S2, S24, S59, S61
WHO Classification	II (Moderately hazardous)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	fluvalinate
French	fluvalinate
German	Fluvalinate
Danish	fluvalinat
Italian	fluvalinato
Spanish	fluvalinate
Greek	fluvalinate
Polish	fluwalinat
Swedish	fluvalinat
Hungarian	-
Dutch	fluvalinaat

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Record last updated:	05/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242