Cycloxydim (Ref: BAS 517H) |
![]() Last updated: 12/01/2021 |
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(Also known as: cycloxydime; LAB 172 999) |
SUMMARY |
Cycloxydim is a systemic herbicide approved for use in the EU. It is moderately soluble in aqueous solution, is unlikely to leach to groudnwater and is relatively volatile. It is not persistent in soils and is unlikely to persist in aquatic systems due to rapid aqueous photolysis. It has a low mammalian toxicity and, whilst the chemical properties suggest it may bioaccumulate, that does not appear to happen in practice. It is a skin and eye irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and aquatic invertebrates. However, its is not particularly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. |
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A post-emergence foliar applied grass herbicide | |
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Black grass; Volunteer cereals; Black bent; Onion couch | |
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Sugarbeet; Fodder beet; Mangels; Linseed; Vegetables including brassicas, beans, peas, leeks, carrots, swede; Fruit including strawberries; Potatoes | |
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Current | |
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1989, France |
UK regulatory status |
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Approved | ||
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31/05/2024 | ||
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None |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
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Approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Netherlands/Denmark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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31/05/2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Also used in |
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Chemical structure |
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A chiral molecule existing in both the E- and the Z-forms depending on the polarity and the pH of the respective environment in which the molecule sits. The Z-isomer is predominate in acidic situations. | |
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C₁₇H₂₇NO₃S | |
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CCCC(=C1C(=O)CC(CC1=O)C2CCCSC2)NOCC | |
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No data | |
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GGWHBJGBERXSLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
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InChI=1S/C17H27NO3S/c1-3-6-14(18-21-4-2)17-15(19)9-13(10-16(17)20)12-7-5-8-22-11-12/h12-13,19H,3-11H2,1-2H3/b18-14- | |
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Yes |
General status |
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Herbicide | |
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Cyclohexanedione | |
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940 g kg⁻¹ | |
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EU dossier - None declared | |
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Synthetic | |
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Selective, systemic, absorbed by foliage. Inhibits fatty acid synthesis. An acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor (ACCase). | |
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101205-02-1 | |
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405-230-9 | |
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510 | |
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- | |
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91765 | |
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325.46 | |
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(5E)-2-[(1E)-N-ethoxybutanimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-[(3E)-thian-3-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | |
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(5RS)-2-[(EZ)-1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3-hydroxy-5-[(3RS)-thian-3-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | |
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2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one | |
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A | |
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1 | |
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Not applicable | |
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Not applicable | |
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Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena sterilis | |
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Colourless crystals | |
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Formulations |
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Often supplied as an emulsion concentrate which is mixed with water and applied as a spray to dry foliage |
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53 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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250000 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Acetone4 = Verified data |
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810000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Ethanol4 = Verified data |
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29000 | C4 C = AGRITOX (click here ) Hexane4 = Verified data |
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250000 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Ethyl acetate3 = Unverified data of known source |
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37.1 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Decomposes before boiling | A3 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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200 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.29 X 1001 | Calculated | - | |||||||
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1.36 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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1.12 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
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4.17 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Weak acid | |||||||||||
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0.01 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low volatility | ||||||||
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6.14 X 10-05 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-volatile | ||||||||
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Neutral solution: >290nm = 10 Methanol: 210nm = 7200, 227nm = 4100, 259nm = 1000, 278nm = 9300, 290nm = 7900, 300nm = 4400 |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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58.0 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) at 20°C 0.5%w/w5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Degradation |
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0.65 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | |||||||
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0.65 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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5 | Y4 Y = Germany's Federal Environment Agency (UBA) (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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3.47 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Non-persistent | ||||||||
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EU Dossier lab studies DT₅₀ range 0.2-2.6 days, DT₉₀ range 0.5-8.6 days; Other lab studies DT₅₀ 1-12 days | ||||||||||
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0.05 | B4 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 4 = Verified data |
Fast | |||||||
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172 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Persistent | |||||||
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pH sensitive: DT₅₀ 1.7 days at pH 3, 8.3 days at pH 5, 172 days at pH 7, 206 days at pH 9 all at 24 °C | ||||||||||
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20.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Fast | ||||||||
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4.5 | K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data |
Moderately fast |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
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0.38 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Mobile | |||||||
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59 | ||||||||||
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EU dossier Kd range 0.03-0.73 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 5-183 mL g⁻¹, Soils=4; Other studies 5-185 mL g⁻¹ | ||||||||||
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None but little adsorption observed on soils pH >6 |
Fate indices |
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1.56 | Calculated | Low leachability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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4.19 X 10-03 | Calculated | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Low | Calculated | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mobile | Calculated | - |
Key metabolites |
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Soil | 0.904 | Major fraction, Relevant | |||||
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Soil | 0.095 | Minor fraction, Relevant |
Other known metabolites |
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2-butanimidoyl-3-hydroxy-5-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1S) Note: Low aquatic toxicity |
- | Water; Sediment; Animal | - | - | |||||
2-butanimidoyl-3-hydroxy-5-(1-oxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1SO) Note: Low aquatic toxicity |
- | Animal; Water; Sediment | - | - | |||||
2-propyl-6-(3-thianyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-T2SO2) Note: Risk to groundwater |
cycloxydim oxazole metabolite | Plant; Soil | - | - | |||||
3-(1-oxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)pentanedioic acid (Ref: BH 517-TGSO) | - | Plant; Soil | - | - | |||||
3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S- dioxide (Ref: BH 517-TGSO2) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
3-hydroxy-3-(3-thianyl)glutaric acid S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-OH-TGSO2) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
2-butanimidoyl-5-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one (Ref: BH 517-T1SO2) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (Ref: BH 517-5-OH TS) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cycloexene-1-one S-oxide (Ref: BH 517-5-OH-TSO) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-5-(3-thianyl)-2-cycloexene-1-one S-dioxide (Ref: BH 517-5-OH-TSO2) | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
Ref: BH 517-6-OH-T2SO | - | Plant | - | - | |||||
2-propyl-6-(3-thianyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzoxazol-4-one (Ref: BH 517-T2S) | cycloxydim oxazole metabolite | Plant; Water | - | - |
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Low risk | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Based on LogP < 35 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low risk | |||||||
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3940 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 10 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
High | |||||||
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> 300 | - | |||||||||
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129 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Unknown species Reproductive NOAEL5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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496.8 mg kg bw⁻¹ day⁻¹ | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinus virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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65.4 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Colinius virginianus5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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> 220 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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21.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Oncorhynchus mykiss5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 70.8 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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62.5 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Daphnia magna5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Lemna gibba5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 74.9 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Anabaena flos-aquae5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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10 | Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources Unknown species2 = Unverified data of unknown source |
Low | ||||||||
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> 100 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | |||||||
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> 101.7 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Apis mellifera5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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> 500 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Eisenia foetida corr5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Moderate | ||||||||
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0 / 23.3 | Mortality / Reproduction [Dose: 0.6 kg ha⁻¹] A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Aphidius rhopalosiphi adult5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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19.6 / 6.1 | Mortality / Reproduction [Dose: 0.6 kg ha⁻¹] A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Typhlodromus pyri protonymph5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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Nitrogen mineralisation: No significant adverse effect Carbon mineralisation: No significant adverse effect |
A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Dose: 2.5 kg ha⁻¹ 28 days |
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General |
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High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
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3940 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
Low | ||||||||
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2000 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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> 5.28 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat 4 hr (nose only)5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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0.07 | A5 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1005 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes |
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2.0 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Rat SF=1004 = Verified data |
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0.1 | A4 A = EU regulatory and evaluation data as published by EC, EFSA (RAR, DAR & Conclusion dossiers), EMA (e.g. EU Annex III PIC DGD) (EU - Pesticides database; EFSA Scientific Publications ) Dog SF=1004 = Verified data |
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Negligible risk to bystanders | |||||||||
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PPE/PPC recommended | ||||||||||
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Health issues |
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No further information available |
Handling issues |
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Flammable Not explosive or oxidising IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 |
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Health: H361d | |||
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Reproduction risk category 3: R63 H - Handling risks: R11 N - Dangerous for the environment: R53 |
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S1/2, S13, S20/21, S36/37 | |||
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III (Slightly hazardous) | |||
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Usually 3082 | |||
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Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
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cycloxydim | ||
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cycloxydime | ||
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Cycloxydim | ||
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cycloxydim | ||
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cicloxidim | ||
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cicloxidim | ||
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cykloksydym | ||
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cykloxidim | ||
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cikloxidim | ||
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cycloxydim |
Record last updated: | 12/01/2021 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |