Niclosamide (Ref: ENT 25823 ) |
![]() Last updated: 05/03/2020 |
![]() |
(Also known as: clonitralide) |
|
![]() |
|
A relatively selective substance used to control aquatic pests and as an antiparasitic control agent for humans and animals | |
---|---|---|
|
Aquatic snails; Sea lamprey | |
|
Aquatic situations | |
|
- | |
|
Unknown | |
|
- |
UK regulatory status |
|
Not approved | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
Not applicable | ||
|
No UK approval for use |
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414) |
|
Not approved | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Not applicable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Also used in |
|
- |
---|
Chemical structure |
|
- | |
---|---|---|
|
C₁₃H₈Cl₂N₂O₄ | |
|
C1=CC(=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])Cl)NC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)Cl)O | |
|
No data | |
|
RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
|
InChI=1S/C13H8Cl2N2O4/c14-7-1-4-12(18)9(5-7)13(19)16-11-3-2-8(17(20)21)6-10(11)15/h1-6,18H,(H,16,19) | |
|
Yes |
|
![]() |
Common Name | Relationship | Link |
---|---|---|
niclosamide | - | ![]() |
General status |
|
Fungicide, Molluscide, Nematicide, Veterinary substance, Teniacide | |
---|---|---|
|
Chloronitrophenol | |
|
>96% | |
|
- | |
|
Synthetic | |
|
Respiratory & stomach action. Acts by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the tapeworm | |
|
50-65-7 | |
|
200-056-8 | |
|
599 | |
|
- | |
|
4477 | |
|
327.12 | |
|
5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide | |
|
2'5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide | |
|
5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide | |
|
- | |
|
- | |
|
Not applicable | |
|
Not applicable | |
|
Not applicable | |
|
Not applicable | |
|
- | |
|
Yellow-grey coloured crystalline solid |
Formulations |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Available in a variety of formulations for oral administration as a veterinary treatment and as an emulsifiable concentrate for aquatic use. |
|
![]() |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
5.0 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
224 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
208 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
3.63 X 1004 | Calculated | - | |||||||
|
4.56 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Other data: 1.0 at pH 9.64 = Verified data |
High | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
5.6 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
8.0 X 10-08 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Low volatility | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Degradation |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
2.6 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
- | |||||||
|
Pakchoi leaves, n=1 | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Soil adsorption and mobility |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
106 | R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data |
Slightly mobile | |||||||
|
3112 | ||||||||||
|
Literature values for sediments: Kd range 52.2-186.5 mL g⁻¹, Koc range 1742-4980 mL g⁻¹, soils=5 | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
Yes |
Fate indices |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Cannot be calculated | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Other known metabolites |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,5-dichloro-4-aminosalicylanilide | - | Rat (Urinary) | - | - |
|
![]() |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
250 | E3 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 3 = Unverified data of known source |
Threshold for concern | |||||||
|
Not available | - | |||||||||
|
> 5000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Anas platyrhynchos4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.34 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Oncorhynchus mykiss at 13 °C4 = Verified data |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
0.2 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
0.02 | P3 P = Other governments and regulators Daphnia magna3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
1.6 | F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Chironomus riparius 48 hour3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | - | - | |||||||||
|
5.0 | L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources Scendesmus subspicatus3 = Unverified data of known source |
Moderate | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
- | |||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | ||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - | |||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - | |||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - | |||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | - | - |
|
- | - | - |
|
![]() |
General |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
High (class III) | - | - | ||||||||
|
> 5000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
Low | ||||||||
|
2000 | F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) Rat4 = Verified data |
- | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
Intraperitoneal LD₅₀ = 250 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Rat3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | ||||||||
Intravenous LD₅₀ = 7.5 mg kg⁻¹ | V3 V = ChemID online databases / IPCS INCHEM (ChemID; IPCS INCHEM ) Mouse3 = Unverified data of known source |
- | |||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
|
- | |||||||||
|
May be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes | ||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
- | - | - | ||||||||
|
- | - | - |
Health issues |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
May cause gastrointestinal problems, anorexia, irritability & alopecia Salts may cause occular irritation Harmful if swallowed |
Handling issues |
|
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Avoid formation of dust IMDG Transport Code is usually 9 |
|||
|
- | |||
|
Xn - Harmful: R22 | |||
|
- | |||
|
U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard) | |||
|
3077 | |||
|
Packaging Group III (minor danger) |
|
![]() |
|
|
||
---|---|---|---|
|
niclosamide | ||
|
niclosamide | ||
|
clonitralid | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
niclosamida | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- | ||
|
- |
Record last updated: | 05/03/2020 |
Contact: | aeru@herts.ac.uk |
Please cite as: | Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242 |