| cyromazine (Ref: OMS 2014) |
 |
Environmental Fate - Ecotoxicology - Human Health
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SUMMARY
Cyromazine is an insecticide approved for use in the EU and in other countries. It is highly soluble in water and considered relatively volatile. Its persistence in soil and water systems is highly dependant on local conditions. Cyromazine has a low mammalian toxicity but may cause adverse effects on reproduction and development if ingested and is also a skin irritant. It is moderately toxic to birds, fish, aquatic invertebrates and earthworms but less so to honeybees. GENERAL INFORMATION 
for cyromazine
Description: An insect larvicide used mainly to control Diptera larvae and flies on livestock and other insect pests in the field and greenhouse
Example pests controlled: Leafminers; Colorado beetle; Fungas gnats; Sciarid flies; Shore flies
Example applications: Vegetables including cabbage, onions, beans, lentils, peppers, turnips; Lupins; Curcubits; Tomatoes; Potatoes
Efficacy & activity: -
Availability status: Current
Introduction & key dates: 1980, first reported
EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414):
| Status | Approved |
| Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur | Spain/Italy |
| Date inclusion expires | 31/12/2019 |
| EU Candidate for substitution (CfS) | No |
Approved for use (
) or known to be used (
) in the following European countries: 
AT |
BE |
BG |
CY |
CZ |
DE |
DK |
EE |
EL |
ES |
FI |
FR |
HR |
HU |
IE |
IT |
LT |
LU |
LV |
MT |
NL |
PL |
PT |
RO |
SE |
SI |
SK |
UK |
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Also used in: Australia, USA
General status:
| Pesticide type | Insecticide, Veterinary substance | |||
| Substance group | Triazine | |||
| Minimum active substance purity | 950 g/kg | |||
| Known relevant impurities | EU dossier - None declared | |||
| Substance origin | Synthetic | |||
| Mode of action | Contact action, interfering with moulting and pupation. Chitin synthesiser. | |||
| CAS RN | 66215-27-8 | |||
| EC number | 266-257-8 | |||
| CIPAC number | 420 | |||
| US EPA chemical code | 121301 | |||
| Isomerism | - | |||
| Chemical formula | C6H10N6 | |||
| Canonical SMILES | C1CC1NC2=NC(=NC(=N2)N)N | |||
| Isomeric SMILES | No data | |||
| International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey) | LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| International Chemical Identifier (InChI) | InChI=1S/C6H10N6/c7-4-10-5(8)12-6(11-4)9-3-1-2-3/h3H,1-2H2,(H5,7,8,9,10,11,12) | |||
| Structure diagram/image available? | Yes | |||
| Molecular mass (g mol-1) | 166.18 | |||
| PIN (Preferred Identification Name) | N1-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine | |||
| IUPAC name | N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine | |||
| CAS name | N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine | |||
| Other status information | - | |||
| Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards | - | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA) | Not applicable | |||
| Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC) | 17 | |||
| Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC) | Not applicable | |||
| Examples of recorded resistance | Drosophila melanogaster Liriomyza trifolii Lucilia cuprina Musca domestica |
|||
| Physical state | White powder | |||
| Related substances & organisms | - | |||
Formulations:
| Property |
Value | |||
| Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically |
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| Example products using this active |
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| UK LERAP status | No UK approval for use or outside scope | |||
| Formulation and application details | Often supplied as a wettable powder that is mixed with water and used as a pour-on. | |||
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
for cyromazine
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Solubility - In water at 20oC (mg l-1) | 13000 | A5 | High | |
| Solubility - In organic solvents at 20oC (mg l-1) | 1400 | A5 - Acetone | - | |
| 210 | A5 - Dichloromethane | - | ||
| 100 | A5 - Hexane | - | ||
| 17000 | A5 - Methanol | - | ||
| Melting point (oC) | 223.2 | A5 | - | |
| Boiling point (oC) | Decomposes before boiling | A5 | - | |
| Degradation point (oC) | 223.2 | A5 | - | |
| Flashpoint (oC) | Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable | A5 | - | |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20oC | P | 1.17 X 1000 | Calculated | - |
| Log P | 0.069 | A5 | Low | |
| Bulk density (g ml-1)/Specific gravity | 1.35 | B5 | - | |
| Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25oC | 5.22 | A5 | - | |
| Note: Weak base | ||||
| Vapour pressure at 25oC (mPa) | 4.48 X 10-04 | A5 | Low volatility | |
| Henry's law constant at 25oC (Pa m3 mol-1) | 5.80 X 10-09 | A5 | Non-volatile | |
GUS leaching potential index  |
2.09 | Calculated | Transition state | |
| SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l-1) for a 1 kg ha-1 or 1 l ha-1 application rate |
Value | 8.21 X 10-02 | Calculated | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Potential for particle bound transport index |
- | Calculated | Medium | |
| Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol-1 cm-1 | Neutral solution: 208nm = 39070; [Acidic solution: 215.5nm = 29540, 241.3nm = 17340; [Basic solution: 230nm = 11540 | A5 | - | |
| Surface tension (mN m-1) | 59.0 | A5 at 20oC | - | |
Degradation:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
General biodegradability | - |
| Soil degradation (days) (aerobic) | DT50 (typical) | 93 | K4 | Moderately persistent |
| DT50 (lab at 20oC) | 31.8 | A5 | Moderately persistent | |
| DT50 (field) | 9.7 | A3 | Non-persistent | |
| DT90 (lab at 20oC) | 101 | A5 | - | |
| DT90 (field) | - | - | - | |
| DT50 modelling endpoint | - | - | - | |
| Note | EU dossier lab studies DT50 range: 1.8-56 days, DT90 range 9.6-186 days, field studies DT50 range 2.3 (Switzerland) - 17 (France) days; Other sources: 150 days (DW4) | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on plant matrix | Value | 14.3 | R3 | - |
| Note | Cucumber fruit, n=1 | |||
| Dissipation rate RL50 on and in plant matrix | Value | 17.7 | R3 | - |
| Note | Green bean, whole plant, hydroponics system, n=1 | |||
| Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 - | - |
| Note | - | |||
| Aqueous hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20oC and pH 7 | Value | Stable | A5 | - |
| Note | Stable pH 5 to pH 9 at temperatures between 30 and 70 degC | |||
| Water-sediment DT50 (days) | 228 | A5 | Slow | |
| Water phase only DT50 (days) | 15 | A5 | Slow | |
Soil adsorption and mobility:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Linear | Kd | - | - | - |
| Koc | - | |||
| Notes and range | - | |||
| Freundlich | Kf | 7.62 | A5 | Moderately mobile |
| Kfoc | 409 | |||
| 1/n | 0.81 | |||
| Notes and range | EU dossier Kf range 0.52-50.38 mL/g, Kfoc range 40.2-1784 mL/g, 1/n range 0.714-0.92, Soils=11 | |||
| pH sensitivity | Yes | |||
Key metabolites:
| Metabolite | Formation medium | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | 1107/2009 relevancy |
|
| melamine (Ref: CGA 235129) |
Soil | 0.745 | Major fraction, Relevant | |
Other known metabolites:
| Metabolite name and reference | Aliases | Formation medium / Rate | Estimated maximum occurrence fraction | Metabolising enzymes |
| 1-methyl-cyromazine | - | Rat; Plant | - | - |
| - | hydroxy-cyromazine | Animal | - | - |
| (Ref: NOA 435343) | carboxylic acid of cyromazine | Soil (Aerobic) | 0.107 | - |
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Bio-concentration factor | BCF (l kg-1) | 1 | A5 | Low potential |
| CT50 (days) | Not available | - | ||
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 3387 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL | (mg kg-1) | 15 | B5 Rat | High |
| (ppm diet) | 300 | - | ||
| Birds - Acute LD50 (mg kg-1) | > 1785 | A5 Colinus virginianus | Moderate | |
| Birds - Short term dietary (LC50/LD50) | > 1370 mg kg bw-1 day-1 | A5 Colinus virginianus | - | |
| Fish - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 100 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Low | |
| Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | > 1 | A5 Oncorhynchus mykiss | Moderate | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC50 (mg l-1) | > 100 | A5 Daphnia magna | Low | |
| Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l-1) | 4.6 | A5 Daphnia magna | Moderate | |
| Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC50 (mg l-1) | > 120 | A5 Chironomus riparius | Low | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l-1) | 0.025 | A4 Chironomus riparius, whole system | Moderate | |
| Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg-1) | - | - | - | |
| Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC50, biomass (mg l-1) | - | - | - | |
| Non-target plants | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | ||
| Algae - Acute 72 hour EC50, growth (mg l-1) | 124 | A5 Scenedemus subspicatus | Low | |
| Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l-1) | > 100 | Q1 Unknown species | Low | |
| Honeybees | Contact acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | > 200 | A5 | Low |
| Oral acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | 186 | A5 | Low | |
| Unknown mode acute 48 hour LD50 (μg bee-1) | - | - | - | |
| Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC50 (mg kg-1) | > 1000 | A5 Eisenia foetida | Low | |
| Earthworms - Chronic 14 day NOEC, reproduction (mg kg-1) | 333 | A5 Eisenia foetida, 56 days | Low | |
| Other soil macro-organisms - e.g. Collembola | LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / % Effect | - | - | - |
| Other arthropod (1) | LR50 g ha-1 | 891 | >, EC50 reproduction A5 Aphidius rhopalosiphi |
- |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Other arthropod (2) | LR50 g ha-1 | 47 | A5 Typhlodromus pyri | - |
| % Effect | - | - | - | |
| Soil micro-organisms | [Microbial soil respiration and nitrification: NOEC=100 mg kg-1] | A5 | - | |
| Mesocosm study data | NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - |
| NOEAEC mg l-1 | - | - | - | |
HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION
for cyromazine
General:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class) |
High (class III) | - | - | |
| Mammals - Acute oral LD50 (mg kg-1) | 3387 | A5 Rat | Low | |
| Mammals - Dermal LD50 (mg kg-1 body weight) | > 3100 | A5 Rat | - | |
| Mammals - Inhalation LC50 (mg l-1) | > 3.6 | A5 Rat, 4 hr (nose only) | - | |
| Other Mammal toxicity endpoints | - | - | ||
| ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.06 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.1 | A5 Rabbit, SF=100 | - | |
| AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg-1 bw day-1) | - | - | - | |
| AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg-1bw day-1) | 0.06 | A5 Dog, SF=100 | - | |
| Dermal penetration studies (%) | - | - | - | |
| Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464 | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Limits | - | - | - | |
| Exposure Routes | Public | Negligible risk to bystanders | ||
| Occupational | No unacceptable risks to operators or other workers identified | |||
| European MRLs | Click here for the EU MRL pesticide database | |||
| Drinking Water Standards | - | - | - | |
| Drinking Water MAC (μg l-1) | - | - | - | |
Health issues:
| Carcinogen | Mutagen | Endocrine disrupter | Reproduction / development effects | Cholinesterase inhibitor | Neurotoxicant | |||
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| Respiratory tract irritant | Skin irritant | Skin sensitiser | Eye irritant | Phototoxicant | ||||
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| General human health issues | Hgh dose can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal distress and diarrhoea | |||||||
: Yes, known to cause a problem
: No, known not to cause a problem
: Possibly, status not identified
- : No data found
Handling issues:
| Property |
Value | Source/Quality Score/Other Information |
Interpretation |
|
| General |
Not explosive or oxidising | |||
| CLP classification 2013 | None allocated at this time | |||
| EC Risk Classification |
Xn - Harmful: R20/22 Xi - Irritant: R36/37/38 |
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| EC Safety Classification |
- | |||
| WHO Classification | III | - | Slightly hazardous | |
| US EPA Classification (formulation) | III | - | Caution - Slightly toxic | |
| UN Number | - | |||
| Waste disposal & packaging |
- | |||
| Language | Name |
| English | cyromazine |
| French | cyromazine |
| German | Cyromazin |
| Danish | cyromazin |
| Italian | ciromazina |
| Spanish | ciromazina |
| Greek | - |
| Slovenian | ciromazin |
| Polish | cyromazyna |
| Swedish | - |
| Hungarian | - |
| Dutch | - |
Record last updated: Wednesday 28 March 2018
Contact: aeru@herts.ac.uk