Diafenthiuron (Ref: CGA 106630)	Last updated: 11/01/2021
(Also known as: CG 167; CGA 106630 )

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SUMMARY

Diafenthiuron is an insecticide and acaricide without regulatory approval for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility but is readily soluble in many organic solvents. It is volatile and, based on its chemical properties, it is unlikely to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in most soil systems but may be very persistent in aquatic systems. It has a low mammalian toxicity but is moderate to highly toxic for most biodiversity including aquatic life, bees and worms.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	An insecticide and acaricide effective against phytophagous mites and other sucking pests
Example pests controlled	Aphids; Whiteflies; Spidermites; Diamondback moth; thrips; Jassids
Example applications	Cotton; Fruit trees; Ornamentals; Soybeans
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1988, first reported; 1990, first marketed

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Not applicable
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Not applicable
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	Australia, Asia Pacific, Latin America

Chemical structure

Isomerism	None
Chemical formula	C₂₃H₃₂N₂OS
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1NC(=S)NC(C)(C)C)C(C)C)OC2=CC=CC=C2
Isomeric SMILES	No data
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	WOWBFOBYOAGEEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C23H32N2OS/c1-15(2)19-13-18(26-17-11-9-8-10-12-17)14-20(16(3)4)21(19)24-22(27)25-23(5,6)7/h8-16H,1-7H3,(H2,24,25,27)
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre diagrams

Common Name	Relationship	Link
diafenthiuron	-

General status

Pesticide type	Insecticide, Acaricide, Miticide
Substance group	Thiourea
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Broad spectrum, contact and stomach action with some ovicidal activity, acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation
CAS RN	80060-09-9
EC number	-
CIPAC number	8097
US EPA chemical code	-
PubChem CID	3034380
Molecular mass	384.58
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	N-tert-butyl-N'-[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)-4-phenoxyphenyl]carbonothioic diamide
IUPAC name	1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea
CAS name	N-(2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N'-(1,1-dimethylethyl)thiourea
Other status information	PAN Listed as Highly Hazardous Chemical
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	12A
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	Not applicable
Examples of recorded resistance	None identified
Physical state	White powder

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Ferna Pegasus Polo
Example products using this active	Syngenta Nanjing Essence Fine-Chemicals Co. Ltd
Formulation and application details	Often supplied as suspension concentrates or wettable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		0.06	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		43000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Ethanol	-
		320000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Acetone	-
		33000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Toluene	-
		9600	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source n-Hexane	-
Melting point (°C)		146	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		Not expected to self ignite; Not highly flammable	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	5.75 X 1005	Calculated	-
	Log P	5.76	Z3 Z = Kingtai Chemials website (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.09	Z3 Z = Kingtai Chemials website (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		Not applicable	Z3 Z = Kingtai Chemials website (click here ) 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
		No dissociation
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		0.002	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		1.28 X 10-02	F4 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 4 = Verified data	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	0.5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Best available data suggests DT₅₀ 1 hour to 1.5 days (Z3)
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	3.1	R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Note	Chinese cabbage leaves, undercover, n=1
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	3.0	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 2.4-4.3 days, 3.0 field & undercover grown crops, various matrices, n=3
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	Stable to UV light
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	Stable	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Stable
	Note	pH variable: 4 years at pH 5, 451 days at pH 7, 796 days at pH 9, all at 20 °C
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		-	-	-

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	Non-mobile
	Koc	43546
	Notes and range	Estimated
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		0.19	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	5.35 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml g⁻¹ are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI-GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW
Potential for particle bound transport index		Low	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Non-mobile	Calculated	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	CT₅₀ (days)	-		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		2068	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
	(ppm diet)	4		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		1500	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Anas platyrhynchos	Moderate
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.0007	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Oncorhynchus mykiss	High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		> 0.5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	1.5	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Moderate
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		1000	Z2 Z = Kingtai Chemials website (click here ) 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Moderately harmful	[Dose: 500 g ha⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 3 = Unverified data of known source Aphidius rhopalosiphi	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Harmless	[Dose: 500 g ha⁻¹] AA3 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 3 = Unverified data of known source Typhlodromus pyri	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		2068	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		2000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.558	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat 4 hr	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		Acute percutaneous LD₅₀ > 2000 mg kg⁻¹	E4 E = Manufacturers safety data sheets 4 = Verified data Rat	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.003	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		-	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	-
	Occupational	PPC/PPE required to mitigate exposure risks
European MRLs		EU MRL pesticide database
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor XNo, known not to cause a problem A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ✓Yes, known to cause a problem ?Possibly, status not identified No data found Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		Toxic if swallowed or inhaled Probable kidney toxicant

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	Non-corrosive
CLP classification 2013	Health: H373, H370, H330, H319, H302 Environment: H400, H410
EC Risk Classification	T - Toxic: R23 Xn - Harmful: R48/21/22 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50, R53
EC Safety Classification	-
WHO Classification	III (Slightly hazardous)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	diafenthiuron
French	diafenthiuron
German	Diafenthiuron
Danish	diafenthiuron
Italian	diafentiuron
Spanish	diafentiuron
Greek	-
Polish	diafentiuron
Swedish	-
Hungarian	-
Dutch	-

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Record last updated:	11/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242