Dichlofluanid (Ref: BAY 47531)	Last updated: 11/01/2021
(Also known as: dichlofluanide; KUE 13032c)

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SUMMARY

Dichlofluanid is a fungicide without regulatory approval for use in the EU. It has a low aqueous solubility and is volatile and, based on its chemical properties, it is unlikely to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in most soil or aquatic systems. Dichlofluanid has a low mammalian toxicity but, with the exception of birds, is moderate to highly toxic for most biodiversity including aquatic life, bees and worms.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Description	Fungicide used control a wide range of diseases on fruit and ornamentals
Example pests controlled	Rust; Brown spot; Botrytis cinerea; Alternaria; Storage diseases; Scab; Black spot
Example applications	Fruit including apples, pears, grapes, strawberries, loganberries, cuurants; Ornamentals
Efficacy & activity	-
Availability status	Current
Introduction & key dates	1965

UK regulatory status

UK COPR regulatory status	Not approved
Date COPR inclusion expires	Expired
UK LERAP status	No UK approval for use

EC Regulation 1107/2009 (repealing 91/414)

EC Regulation 1107/2009 status	Not approved
Dossier rapporteur/co-rapporteur	Not applicable
Date EC 1107/2009 inclusion expires	Expired
EU Candidate for substitution (CfS)	Not applicable
Listed in EU database	Yes
Approved for use (✓) under EC 1107/2009 in the following EU Member States	ATAustria BEBelgium BGBulgaria CYCyprus CZCzech Republic DEGermany DKDenmark EEEstonia ELGreece                   ESSpain FIFinland FRFrance HRCroatia HUHungary IEIreland ITItaly LTLithuania LULuxembourg                   LVLatvia MTMalta NLNetherlands PLPoland PTPortugal RORomania SESweden SISlovenia SKSlovakia

Also used in

Also used in	-

Chemical structure

Isomerism	None
Chemical formula	C₉H₁₁Cl₂FN₂O₂S₂
Canonical SMILES	CN(C)S(=O)(=O)N(C1=CC=CC=C1)SC(F)(Cl)Cl
Isomeric SMILES	-
International Chemical Identifier key (InChIKey)	WURGXGVFSMYFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International Chemical Identifier (InChI)	InChI=1S/C9H11Cl2FN2O2S2/c1-13(2)18(15,16)14(17-9(10,11)12)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,1-2H3
2D structure diagram/image available?	Yes

General status

Pesticide type	Fungicide
Other constituent type	Biocide
Substance group	Sulphamide
Minimum active substance purity	-
Known relevant impurities	-
Substance origin	Synthetic
Mode of action	Foliar with protective action. Multi-site activity. Potent inhibitor of fungal spore germination.
CAS RN	1085-98-9
EC number	214-118-7
CIPAC number	74
US EPA chemical code	128844
PubChem CID	14145
Molecular mass	333.23
PIN (Preferred Identification Name)	N-{[dichloro(fluoro)methyl]sulfanyl}-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfuric diamide
IUPAC name	N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide
CAS name	1,1-dichloro-N-((dimethylamino)sulfonyl)-1-fluoro-N-phenylmethanesulfenamide
Other status information	-
Relevant Environmental Water Quality Standards	-
Herbicide Resistance Classification (HRAC)	Not applicable
Herbicide Resistance Classification (WSSA)	Not applicable
Insecticide Resistance Classification (IRAC)	Not applicable
Fungicide Resistance Classification (FRAC)	M6
Examples of recorded resistance	-
Physical state	Colourless powder

Formulations

Property	Value
Example manufacturers & suppliers of products using this active now or historically	Euparen Elvaron Euparene
Example products using this active	Bayer
Formulation and application details	Usually formulated as wettable powders or as dustable powders

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Solubility - In water at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		1.3	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low
Solubility - In organic solvents at 20 °C (mg l⁻¹)		200000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Dichloromethane	-
		145000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Toluene	-
		2600	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Hexane	-
		10800	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Isopropanol	-
Melting point (°C)		106	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
Boiling point (°C)		-	-	-
Degradation point (°C)		-	-	-
Flashpoint (°C)		-	-	-
Octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7, 20 °C	P	5.01 X 1003	Calculated	-
	Log P	3.7	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	High
Bulk density (g ml⁻¹)		1.55	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source	-
Dissociation constant pKa) at 25 °C		-	-	-
		-
Vapour pressure at 20 °C (mPa)		3.79 X 10-02	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Low volatility
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (Pa m³ mol⁻¹)		3.60 X 10-03	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Non-volatile
Maximum UV-vis absorption L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹		-	-	-
Surface tension (mN m⁻¹)		-	-	-

Degradation

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
General biodegradability		-
Soil degradation (days) (aerobic)	DT₅₀ (typical)	3.5	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (lab at 20 °C)	2.5	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes	Non-persistent
	DT₅₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (lab at 20 °C)	-	-	-
	DT₉₀ (field)	-	-	-
	DT₅₀ modelling endpoint	-	-	-
	Note	Lab studies DT₅₀ range 2-3 days
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on plant matrix	Value	6.8	R4 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 4 = Verified data	-
	Note	Published literature RL₅₀ range 6.0-7.6 days, Strawberry fruit, n=2
Dissipation rate RL₅₀ on and in plant matrix	Value	23.3	R3 R = Peer reviewed scientific publications 3 = Unverified data of known source	-
	Note	Grape berries, n=1
Aqueous photolysis DT₅₀ (days) at pH 7	Value	-	-	-
	Note	-
Aqueous hydrolysis DT₅₀ (days) at 20 °C and pH 7	Value	7.5	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Non-persistent
	Note	-
Water-sediment DT₅₀ (days)		7	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Fast
Water phase only DT₅₀ (days)		7	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderately fast

Soil adsorption and mobility

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Linear	Kd	-	Q3 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 3 = Unverified data of known source	Slightly mobile
	Koc	1100
	Notes and range	-
Freundlich	Kf	-	-	-
	Kfoc	-
	1/n	-
	Notes and range	-
pH sensitivity		-

Fate indices

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
GUS leaching potential index		0.38	Calculated	Low leachability
SCI-GROW groundwater index (μg l⁻¹) for a 1 kg ha⁻¹ or 1 l ha⁻¹ application rate	Value	1.01 X 10-03	Calculated	-
	Note	-
Potential for particle bound transport index		Medium	Calculated	-
Potential for loss via drain flow		Slightly mobile	Calculated	-

Key metabolites

Metabolite	Formation medium	Estimated maximum occurrence fraction	1107/2009 relevancy
dimethylaminosulfanilide	Soil	0.230	-

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Bio-concentration factor	BCF (l kg⁻¹)	279	Q2 Q = Miscellaneous internet resources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Estimated	Threshold for concern
	CT₅₀ (days)	Not available		-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Short term dietary NOEL	(mg kg⁻¹)	-	L2 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Rat 2 year	-
	(ppm diet)	180		-
Mammals - Chronic 21d NOAEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Birds - Acute LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		2226	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Colinus virginianus	Low
Birds - Short term dietary (LC₅₀/LD₅₀)		-	-	-
Birds - Chronic 21d NOEL (mg kg⁻¹ bw d⁻¹)		-	-	-
Fish - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.01	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Oncorhynchus mykiss	High
Fish - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic invertebrates - Acute 48 hour EC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		0.42	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Daphnia magna	Moderate
Aquatic invertebrates - Chronic 21 day NOEC (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic crustaceans - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Acute 96 hour LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, static, water (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Sediment dwelling organisms - Chronic 28 day NOEC, sediment (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Aquatic plants - Acute 7 day EC₅₀, biomass (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Non-target plants		-	-	-
		-	-	-
Algae - Acute 72 hour EC₅₀, growth (mg l⁻¹)		1	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Scenedemus subspicatus	Moderate
Algae - Chronic 96 hour NOEC, growth (mg l⁻¹)		-	-	-
Honeybees (Apis spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	16	K4 K = Research datasets, e.g. Pandora, Demetra 4 = Verified data	Moderate
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Unknown mode acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Bumblebees (Bombus spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
		-
Mason bees (Osmia spp.)	Contact acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Oral acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg bee⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other pollinators (1)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Other pollinators (2)	Acute LD₅₀ (worst case from 24, 48 and 72 hour values - μg insect⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Mode of exposure	-
Earthworms - Acute 14 day LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		890	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Eisenia foetida	Moderate
Earthworms - Chronic NOEC, reproduction (mg kg⁻¹)		-	-	-
Other soil macro-organisms	Acute LC₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
	Chronic NOEC (mg kg⁻¹)	-	-	-
Other arthropod (1)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	Moderately harmful	AA2 AA = IOBC Database on classification of side effects to beneficial organisms, 2005 2 = Unverified data of unknown source Typhlodromus pyri	-
Other arthropod (2)	LR₅₀ g ha⁻¹	-	-	-
	% Effect	-	-	-
Soil micro-organisms		-	-	-
Mesocosm study data	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-
	NOEAEC mg l⁻¹	-	-	-

HUMAN HEALTH AND PROTECTION

General

Property		Value	Source; quality score; and other information	Interpretation
Threshold of Toxicological Concern (Cramer Class)		High (class III)	-	-
Mammals - Acute oral LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹)		> 5000	B5 B = UK CRD and ACP evaluation documents / and other Defra (UK) documents (click here ) 5 = Verified data used for regulatory purposes Rat	Low
Mammals - Dermal LD₅₀ (mg kg⁻¹ body weight)		5000	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Mammals - Inhalation LC₅₀ (mg l⁻¹)		1.2	L3 L = Pesticide manuals and hard copy reference books / other sources 3 = Unverified data of known source Rat	-
Other Mammal toxicity endpoints		-	-	-
ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		0.3	F3 F = U.S. EPA ECOTOX database / U.S. EPA pesticide fate database / Miscellaneous WHO documents (US EPA Databases Related to Pesticide Risk Assessment ) 3 = Unverified data of known source JMPR 1983	-
ARfD - Acute Reference Dose (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AAOEL - Acute Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
AOEL - Acceptable Operator Exposure Level - Systemic (mg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹)		-	-	-
Dermal penetration studies (%)		-	-	-
Dangerous Substances Directive 76/464		List II	-	-
Exposure Routes	Public	Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use
	Occupational	Low risk to Europeans as no longer approved for use
MRLs	European	EU MRL pesticide database
	Notes	-
Drinking Water Standards		-	-	-
Drinking Water MAC (μg l⁻¹)		-	-	-

Health issues

Specific human health issues		Carcinogen Genotoxic Endocrine disruptor No data found A3 A = Chromosome aberration (EFSA database) 3 = Negative ; B0 B = DNA damage/repair (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; C0 C = Gene mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; D0 D = Genome mutation (EFSA database) 0 = No data ; E0 E = Unspecified genotoxicity type (miscellaneous data source) 0 = No data No data found Reproduction / development effects Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor Neurotoxicant No data found XNo, known not to cause a problem No data found Respiratory tract irritant Skin irritant Skin sensitiser ?Possibly, status not identified ?Possibly, status not identified ✓Yes, known to cause a problem Eye irritant Phototoxicant   ✓Yes, known to cause a problem No data found
General human health issues		No further information available

Handling issues

Property	Value and interpretation
General	No information available
CLP classification 2013	Health: H317, H319; H332 Environment: H400
EC Risk Classification	Xn - Harmful: R20, R43 Xi - Irritant: R36 N - Dangerous for the environment: R50
EC Safety Classification	S2, S24, S37, S60, S61
WHO Classification	U (Unlikely to present an acute hazard)
UN Number	-
Waste disposal & packaging	-

TRANSLATIONS

Language	Name
English	dichlofluanid
French	dichlofluanide
German	Dichlofluanid
Danish	dichlofluanid
Italian	diclofluanide
Spanish	diclofluanid
Greek	dichlofluanid
Polish	dichlofluanid
Swedish	diklofluanid
Hungarian	diklofluanid
Dutch	dichlofluanide

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Record last updated:	11/01/2021
Contact:	aeru@herts.ac.uk
Please cite as:	Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242